UGC NET/JRF EXAM, INTERNATIONAL & AREA STUDIES, February-2023 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

41. King Rudradaman captured following states:

(a) Akaravanti
(b) Anupa
(c) Anarta
(d) Surashtra
(e) Maru

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)
Solution:King Rudradaman I, also known as Rudradaman the Great, ruled over the western Indian region during the 2nd century CE.

Hе is particularly known for his achievements mentioned in the Junagadh Rock Inscription, a significant historical inscription located in present-day Gujarat, India.

According to the inscription, King Rudradaman undertook a series of military campaigns that resulted in the conquest or control of several regions:

(a) Akaravanti: This is believed to refer to a region near modern-day Mount Abu in Rajasthan.

(b) Anupa: Anupa likely refers to an area situated near the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.

(c) Anarta: Anarta was a historical region located in what is now Gujarat.

(d) Surashtra: Surashtra, also known as Saurashtra, is the region encompassing the western part of modern Gujarat.

(e) Maru: Maru, also known as Marwar, refers to the desert region of Rajasthan.

The inscription on the Junagadh rock records these conquests and presents them as accomplishments of King Rudradaman. It's important to note that historical records and inscriptions from ancient times can sometimes be subject to varying interpretations and debates among historians and scholars.

42. Which of the following countries are members of SAARC?

(a) India
(b) Bhutan
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Nepal
(e) China

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a), (b), (c), (d) only
Solution:The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional organization that promotes cooperation and collaboration among South Asian countries.

SAARC's main goal is to enhance regional stability, economic development, and social progress through mutual cooperation. The member countries of SAARC include:

(a) India (b) Bhutan (c) Bangladesh (d) Nepal These countries are all part of the South Asian region and are members of SAARC.

They collaborate on various issues, including trade, development, poverty alleviation, and cultural exchanges, to improve the well-being of their populations and foster regional integration.

China, although it shares a border with some SAARC member countries, is not a member of SAARC. While China has interactions and engagements with South Asian countries, it is not part of the official SAARC organization.

43. Which of the following relate to 'Theory of Political Realism'.

(a) International politics
(b) National interests
(c) Promotion of naxalism
(d) Balance of power
(e) Hegemonic state

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (b), (d), (e) only
Solution:The Theory of Political Realism is a perspective in international relations that focuses on the notion that states primarily act to maximize their own self-interests in a competitive and often anarchic international system.

The key concepts associated with Political Realism are:

(a) International politics
(b) National interests
(d) Balance of power
(e) Hegemonic state
(c) Promotion of naxalism

44. Non-criminal/Non-violent/Non-State Actors include following:

(a) Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs)
(b) Multi-National Corporations (MNCs)
(c) Philanthropic Super-empowered individuals
(d) Government sector
(e) Public-Sector Organisation (PSUs)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (a), (b), (c) only

45. Which of the following related to Article-5, WTO on GATTS?

(a) Countries can enter into Preferential Trade Agreements
(b) Countries can enter into Custom Unions
(c) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation was permitted
(d) Creation of NASA
(e) NAFTA creation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (b), (c), (e) only
Solution:Article 5 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is one of the agreements under the World Trade Organization (WTO), pertains to "Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas."

This article provides guidelines and regulations for countries forming customs unions and preferential trade agreements. Specifically:

(a) Countries can enter into Preferential Trade Agreements
(b) Countries can enter into Custom Unions
(c) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was permitted
(e) NAFTA creation

46. Which of the following are components of Global governance?

(a) Democratic interdependence
(b) Peace
(c) Financial institutions
(d) Nuclear regulation
(e) Sustainable development

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)

47. International Monetary Fund aims at:

(a) Prevent nuclear war
(b) Global monetary cooperation
(c) Secure financial stability
(d) Facilitate international trade
(e) Sustain economic growth

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (b), (c), (d), (e) only
Solution:
  1. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial organization that aims to promote global economic stability and growth through various measures. The components of the IMF’s aims mentioned in the question are:

(b) Global monetary cooperation: The IMF encourages cooperation among countries to maintain stable exchange rates and facilitate international trade and payments.

(c) Secure financial stability: The IMF works to prevent financial crises, stabilize currency exchange rates, and provide financial assistance to member countries facing economic challenges.

(d) Facilitate international trade: The IMF’s efforts to maintain stable exchange rates and provide financial stability contribute to facilitating international trade by reducing uncertainties related to currency fluctuations.

(e) Sustain economic growth: The IMF supports policies that promote sustainable economic growth and development in member countries.

(a) Prevent nuclear war: Preventing nuclear war is not a primary aim of the IMF. The IMF’s focus is on economic and financial matters.

48. Which are elements of 'culture'?

(a) Values
(b) Belief
(c) Religion
(d) Customs
(e) Space wars

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a), (b), (c), (d) only
Solution:Culture encompasses a wide range of elements that shape the way people think, behave, and interact in society. The elements of culture mentioned in the question are:

(a) Values: Values are fundamental beliefs and principles that guide individuals and groups in making choices and decisions.

(b) Belief: Beliefs are specific ideas, convictions, or opinions held by individuals or communities. These can encompass religious, philosophical, or social viewpoints.

(c) Religion: Religion refers to the set of beliefs, practices, and rituals that are associated with the worship of a higher power or spiritual entity.

(d) Customs: Customs are social practices. behaviours, and traditions that are passed down from generation to generation and reflect the cultural norms of a society.

(e) Space wars: "Space wars".is not a recognized element of culture and does not fit within the context of cultural elements.

49. Major contributors of Global CO, emissions are:

(a) China
(b) Bhutan
(c) US
(d) India
(e) Russia

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (c), (d), (e) only
Solution:Major contributors to global CСО, emissions are countries with high levels of industrial activity, energy consumption, and large populations. The countries mentioned in the question that are known as major contributors to global CO, emissions are:

(a) China: China is the world's largest emitter of CO₂ due to its rapid industrialization and economic growth.

(c) US: The United States is one of the largest contributors to global CO₂ emissions due to its significant industrial and energy consumption activities.

(d) India: India is among the top CO₂ emitters due to its growing population, industrialization, and energy demands.

(e) Russia: Russia is also a notable contributor to global CO, emissions, primarily due to its energy-intensive industries.

(b) Bhutan: Bhutan is known for its focus on environmental conservation and has relatively low CO, emissions compared to the other countries listed.

50. Impact of climate change includes:

(a) Global warming
(b) Melting of glaciers
(c) Rise in sea level
(d) Change in biological diversity
(e) Melting of sea ice

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)