The UN is the one truly multilateral Organization of great note that is prominent in international democracy promotion.
Its contribution ranges from broad statements of support for democratic value by the office of the SecretaryGeneral to a considerable practical experience in helping stages, monitor, and observe elections, especially in new states.
Within the UN family, the UNDP is one of the largest actors-around three quarters of its spending on democratic governance comprises investment in making democratic institutions more accountable and responsive to citizens.
A separate UN Democracy Fund was established in 2005 and has since attracted donations from thirty- five states. UN involvement does not guarantee freedom from controversy:
in October 2009, an UN-backed independent Electoral complaints Commission in Afghanistan fuelled ructions in that country's relations with the west by confirming evidence of the substantial fraud in the re-election of the President Karzai two months earlier.
The contribution of the UN includes:
(a) promotion of solidarity
(b) support for democratic values
(c) monitoring and observing elections in new states
(d) spreading hard power diplomacy
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: