UGC NET/JRF EXAM, JANUARY-2025 Labour and Social Welfare

• It contains 208 items that assess various managerial characteristics, responsibilities, and activities.

• These items are grouped into 13 categories such as decision-making, monitoring, coordinating, and supervising.

• The MPDQ is commonly used in job evaluation, managerial role classification, and organizational planning.

• It helps in understanding the complexity and scope of management positions across different levels.

• The formula to calculate MPS is: MPS = [(Skill Variety + Task Identity + Task Significance) / 3] × Autonomy Feedback

• However, in the given options, the one that aligns most closely (in structure) with this model is option 2: [(Task Identity Task Significance × Skill Variety) / 3] Autonomy Feedback

• Although the ideal formula uses addition in the numerator, option 2 is the nearest match among the given multiplicative choices and reflects the emphasis on core job dimensions contributing to motivation.

• The formula shows that low scores in any of the three major dimensions can significantly reduce the overall motivating potential of a job.

• Every mine employing fifty or more persons must provide and maintain adequate and suitable shelters for taking food,

• These shelters must have provisions for drinking water, proper lighting, ventilation, and cleanliness.

• This rule is a welfare measure aimed at protecting the health and dignity of mine workers, especially those working in remote and challenging environments.

1. Technical Activities - related to production or manufacturing of goods

2. Commercial Activities - buying, selling, exchange (includes marketing)

3. Financial Activities - search for and optimum use of capital

4. Security Activities - protection of property and persons

5. Accounting Activities - stocktaking, balance sheets, costs, statistics

6. Managerial Activities - planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling

In the given options:

A. Financial, C. Accounting, D. Security, and E. Technical are all included in Fayol's categories. B. Marketing (though relevant today) was not explicitly listed by Fayol under the six categories. Hence, option 4 correctly includes only the ones Fayol recognized.

These powers include:

A. Enforcing the attendance of any person or examining him on oath

B. Requiring the discovery and production of documents

D. Receiving evidence on affidavits E. Issuing commission for the examination of witness

However:

C. Requiring to be represented by a legal practitioner is not a statutory power of the authority; rather, representation by a legal practitioner may require prior permission or is subject to rules framed by the appropriate government.

Therefore, only A, B, D, and E are correct, as listed in option 3.

• Establishments performing work for less than 120 days in a year are not covered under the Act.

This exemption applies to seasonal or intermittent establishments as per Section 1(5) and related rules.

The Central Rules and various State Rules made under the Act provide that contract labour engaged in establishments that do not operate for more than 120 days in a year need not register or be covered under the full scope of the Act.

The rationale is that short-duration establishments may not require long-term regulatory oversight intended for more permanent establishments.

B. Police Theory: Suggests that welfare is provided to avoid state intervention, i.e., to keep workers from revolting or protesting.

C. Placating Theory: Assumes welfare is provided to placate workers and keep them satisfied, to reduce unrest and promote industrial peace.

E. Functional Theory: Views welfare as a tool to make workers more efficient and productivepart of the broader function of HRM. The following are not considered standard welfare theories:

A. Adequacy of Wage Theory: This pertains to wage satisfaction but not to welfare theory specifically.

D. Association of Democratic Values Theory: This is more of a political or ideological approach rather than a classic theory of labour welfare.

Hence, only B, Cand E are recognized as proper labour welfare theories.

A. Realistic - II. Prefers physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination: These individuals are doers who like handson work.

B. Investigative - III. Prefers activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding: These individuals enjoy research and problem-solving.

C. Conventional - IV. Prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities: These people like structure, clerical tasks, and record-keeping.

D. Enterprising - I. Prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others: These are persuaders who enjoy leading and managing.

Therefore, the correct matching is: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-IІ.

This model emphasizes the importance of business strategy and the external environment in shaping HRM policies and practices.

It builds upon the Harvard Model, but adds more focus on implementation and contextual factors like the competitive environment, organizational structure, and culture.

It categorizes influences on HRM into:

• Outer context .(economic, political, legal)
• Inner context (structure, culture)
• Business strategy content
• HRM content and implementation

The model integrates both strategic and human perspectives in managing human resources.

A. Enactive Mastery: Success through direct personal experience is the most effective way to build efficacу.

B. Vicarious Modeling: Observing others successfully perform a task can boost belief in one's own abilities.

C. Verbal Persuasion: Encouraging words from others can increase confidence. E. Arousal (Emotional Arousal): Positive emotional states such as excitement can enhance self-efficacy, while negative states like anxiety can reduce it.

D. Continuous Reinforcement is not one of Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy; it is a behavioral concept related to operant conditioning, not cognitive belief in ability. Therefore, A, B, C, and E are correct.