UGC NET/JRF EXAM, JANUARY-2025 Labour and Social Welfare

• A - Attention: The first step is to capture the viewer's attention through eye-catching visuals, headlines, or media.

• I - Interest: Once attention is captured, the content must sustain interest by addressing customer needs or presenting unique features.

• D - Desire: This stage involves creating a desire for the product/service by highlighting its benefits, utility, or emotional appeal.

• A - Action: Finally, the ad should include a call to action, prompting the audience to make a purchase, sign up, or inquire.

This model is widely used because it aligns with the psychological progression a customer goes through before making a buying decision.

• Individuals or organizations continue to invest time, money, or effort into a decision despite receiving negative feedback or outcomes.

• This often happens due to emotional attachment, fear of loss, or desire to justify prior investments.

• Commonly observed in business projects, public policies, and personal decisions, where stakeholders become increasingly committed even when logic suggests withdrawal.

• Example: A company keeps funding a failing product to avoid admitting past errors. It is a type of cognitive bias and can lead to significant resource wastage if unchecked.

A. Competing for the Future - III. С.К. Prahalad and Gary Hamel: This book discusses strategic intent, core competencies, and how companies can build the future instead of reacting to it.

B. In Search of Excellence - I. Tom Peters and Bob Waterman: A management classic that identifies key attributes of successful companies based on research from McKinsey.

C. The Nature of Managerial Work - I. Henry Mintzberg: A foundational work analyzing what managers actually do, introducing the ten managerial roles.

D. Corporate Strategy - IV. H. Igor Ansoff: Introduced concepts like product-market matrix, diversification, and strategic planning.

Therefore, the correct match is: A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV.

• Self
• Managers or superiors
• Peers
• Subordinates or team members
• Customers or clients (sometimes)

Key features:

• Provides a holistic view of an employee's performance.
• Encourages developmental feedback and continuous improvement.
• Reduces rater bias by incorporating multiple perspectives.
• Useful for leadership development, promotions, and team effectiveness analysis.

It is a popular tool in modern performance management systems.

In the book, he introduced Theory X and Theory Y:

• Theory X: Assumes employees dislike work, are lazy, and need coercion.
• Theory Y: Assumes employees are selfmotivated, seek responsibility, and can self-direct.

This work challenged traditional authoritarian management styles and laid the foundation for participative management, employee motivation, and organizational development. McGregor's ideas significantly influence

A. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power - Section 21: Concerns the safety devices on machines to stop movement and prevent accidents.

E. Hoists and lifts - Section 28: Provides safety measures and conditions under which hoists and lifts can be used.

D. Pressure plant - Section 31: Specifies rules regarding the safe operation and maintenance of pressure plants.

C. Precaution against dangerous fumes, gases etc. Section 36: Addresses hazardous working conditions caused by toxic fumes in confined spaces.

B. Safety of buildings and machinery - Section 40: Ensures that all buildings and machinery are structurally safe for use.

Thus, the ascending order based on section numbers is: A, E, D, C, B.

C. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce (FICCI) - 1927: One of the oldest and most influential industry bodies in India.

A. All India Organisation of Employers (AIOE) - 1932: Established under FICCI to represent employers at the International Labour Organisation.

D. Employers' Federation of India (EFI) - 1933: Formed to serve as a national body representing Indian employers' interests in labour matters.

B. All India Manufacturers' Organisation (AIMO) - 1941: Founded by Sir M. Visvesvaraya to promote industrial growth and manufacturing sector.

E. Council of Indian Employers (CIE) - 1956: An apex body of Indian employers, formed by merging AIOE, EFI, and the Standing Conference of Public Enterprises.

So, the correct order from earliest to latest is: C, A, D, B, E.

B. Employees' Provident Fund Scheme - 1952: The first and foundational scheme to provide retirement savings to employees.

C. Family Pension Scheme -– 1971: Introduced to provide pension benefits to the family of the deceased member.

D. Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme - 1976: Launched to provide life insurance cover linked to provident fund deposits.

A. Employees Pension Scheme - 1995: Replaced the Family Pension Scheme and introduced structured pension benefits.

Thus, the correct sequence from earliest to latest is: B, C, D, A.

Promotion and maintenance of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers.

Prevention of health problems arising due to workplace conditions.

Protection from risks associated with occupational hazards.

Adaptation of work to suit the worker's physiological and psychological capacities.

This definition laid the foundation for modern occupational health standards followed globally today.

B. Eager, anxious, gather information about members - Forming Stage: Group members are polite, positive, and excited but uncertain.

A. Confront the differences, hostilities, feel frustrated, lot of competition - Storming Stage: Conflict arises due to clashing personalities and competition.

D. Less dissatisfied and a feeling of belongingness to the group - Norming Stage: Group members start resolving conflicts and build relationships.

C. Interdependence in personal relations, tendency to get involved in and problem solving - Performing Stage: The group functions effectively toward goals.

E. Upset and depressed - Adjourning Stage: Emotional disengagement when the group disbands after achieving its goals.

Hence, the correct order of behaviour is: B, A, D, C, E.