UGC NET/JRF EXAM, January-2025 WOMEN’S STUDIES

B. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) - 2015: Launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, this flagship scheme aimed to provide short-term skill training and certification to youth to enhance their employability.

C. National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) - 2016: Introduced in 2016, this scheme provided financial incentives to establishments for engaging apprentices, making on-the-job training more attractive and accessible.

D. Skill India Digital Hub Platform - 2023: A digital initiative launched in 2023, this platform aims to digitally integrate and deliver skilling, upskilling, and employment services, under the Skill India Mission umbrella.

A. Model Skill Loan Scheme - Reintroduced with enhanced coverage post-2023: Though initiated earlier by Indian Banks' Association (IBA), the scheme has seen renewed emphasis in recent years. It aims to provide financial support to students for skill development courses.

Hence, the correct chronological order is: PMKVY (2015) → NAPS (2016) → Skill India Digital Hub (2023) → Skill Loan (revived later).

B. Setting gender equality objectives: The first step involves clearly defining the goals of gender equality, aligned with broader institutional or governmental policies.

C. Conducting pilot to gather information from stakeholders: This includes collecting feedback, case studies, and ground realities through pilot studies to understand diverse gender needs.

A. Introducing gender mainstreaming methods and tools: After feedback, methods like Gender Responsive Budgeting, Gender Audits, and Gender Impact Assessments are implemented to integrate gender into processes.

D. Establishing a gender information management system: To ensure monitoring, evaluation, and learning,. a data system is needed that tracks progress, impact, and gaps in gender mainstreaming efforts. Thus, the correct implementation sequence is: В→ С→ A → D.

Steps of the Content Analysis Process in correct order:

C. Define the research questions or objectives: Every research must begin with clearly defined objectives or questions that guide the analysis.

A. Select the material for analysis: Based on objectives, researchers identify texts, media, documents, interviews, or any form of content relevant for analysis.

B. Develop coding categories or schemes: Researchers create a coding framework (themes, patterns, variables) to categorize and analyze the content meaningfully.

D. Code the data systematically: The selected material is then coded line-byline or segment-wise, ensuring consistency and structure.

E. Analyse and Interpret results: The final step involves analyzing patterns, drawing interpretations, and connecting findings to theoretical frameworks.

Correct sequence: C → A → B → D → E

A. Action International - III: United States of America: Accion International is a U.S.-based nonprofit that provides microfinance and financial inclusion services globally.

B. Bandhan Bank - II: India: Started as a microfinance institution in India, Bandhan became a universal bank in 2015, focused on financial inclusion, especially for women.

C. Compartamos Banco - IV: Mexico: Based in Mexico, Compartamos Banco is a leading microcredit institution, known for empowering low-income women entrepreneurs.

D. Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Bank - I: Philippines: Also known as CARD Bank, this Philippinesbased institution provides microcredit services to rural women and promotes community development.

In Lady Winchilsea's poetry, particularly in her satirical works, she critiques the misogynistic belief that women's engagement in literature and intellectual pursuits is unnatural or threatening.

The dominant patriarchal ideology of her time held that writing and reasoning were masculine domains, and women were either ridiculed or punished for entering literary spaces.

Her works expose how female creativity was stifled by societal prejudice, reflecting the belief that "writing is a man's domain", and women who wrote were often seen as transgressive or deviant.

Hence, the belief reflected in her lines is: Writing is considered a man's exclusive right.

As per National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5, 2019-21), female sterilisation continues to be the most widely adopted contraceptive method among Indian women.

According to the data, 38.0% of currently married women (aged 15-49) use female sterilisation, which is significantly higher than other methods such as:

• Condoms: 9.5%
• Pills: 5.1%
• IUDs: 2.1%
• Traditional methods: 5.7%

This reflects a long-standing trend in India where permanent methods, especially female sterilisation, are prioritized over modern reversible methods, often due to lack of access, awareness, or decision-making power for women.

The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act was enacted in 1986 by the Government of India to prohibit the portrayal of women in a derogatory manner in advertisements, publications, writings, paintings, or other modes.

It aimed to address the objectification and commodification of women's bodies in mass media and culture.

The Act defines "indecent representation" and provides penalties for violation, but over time it has been criticized for vague language and under-enforcement, prompting proposals for amendments.

Allison M. Jaggar, a prominent feminist philosopher, made her defense of abortion rights by shifting the moral debate from the "right to life of the fetus" to the broader "right to a full human life"

She emphasized that true moral responsibility involves considering whether the mother can provide nutritional, emotional, environmental, and social conditions essential for sustaining a full human life.

Her argument reframes the issue to focus on the living woman's moral agency, bodily autonomy, and socio-economic realities, making her view a foundational standpoint in feminist ethics and reproductive justice discourse.

The "care penalty" in femonomics refers to the economic disadvantage women face when they take time off or reduce working hours to perform unpaid caregiving roles, such as childcare or eldercare.

This penalty manifests as:

• Wage loss
• Reduced career progression
• Lower pensions and savings
• Interrupted employment history

According to ILO and OECD reports, women globally earn 10-30% less than men, and caregiving responsibilities contribute significantly to this gap.

The concept highlights how unpaid care work, essential for social reproduction, is undervalued and disproportionately borne by women.

The National Population Policy (NPP), 2000 set the goal of achieving population stabilization at a level consistent with the socio-economic and environmental needs of the country by the year 2045.

Key objectives of the policy include:

• Reducing Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement level (2.1)
• Universal access to contraception
• Reducing infant and maternal mortality
• Delaying age at marriage for girls

The policy envisions that by 2045, India's population growth will stabilize, ensuring sustainable development, improved health outcomes, and demographic balance.