UGC NET/JRF EXAM, JULY-2022 Labour and Social Welfare

Total Questions: 80

31. Under Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, “Same work or work of a similar nature means _____ required are the same, when performed under similar working conditions by man or woman.

Correct Answer: D. All of the above

32. Mr. X was terminated by his employer of the factory to which Payment of wages Act is applicable with a reason of non-satisfaction of performance of Mr. X's work. When is the wages earned by Mr. X till the date of termination need to be paid by the employer?

Correct Answer: A. Before expiry of the second working day from the termination.
Solution:

According to Section 5(2) in The Payment of Wages Act, 1936, Where the employment of any person is terminated by or on behalf of the employer, the wages, earned by him shall be paid before the expiry of the second working day from the day on which his employment is terminated:

[Provided that where the employment of any person in an establishment is terminated due to the closure of the establishment for any reason other than a weekly or other recognised holiday, the wages earned by him shall be paid before the expiry of the second day from the day on which his employment is so terminated.]

33. When was the Unorganised Workers Social Security Act enacted?

Correct Answer: B. Year 2008
Solution:

Unorganized Workers Social Security Act:

As per provisions of The Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008, every unorganized worker shall be eligible for registration.

Every unorganized worker shall be registered by the District Administration.

The State Governments are mandated to register the Unorganized Workers and to provide benefits of welfare schemes other than the three basic social security schemes of the Central Government i.e.

• Life and disability cover
• Health and maternity benefits
• Old age protection.

The Central Government has also constituted the National Social Security Board at the Central level to recommend to the Central Government suitable schemes for different sections of unorganized workers and to monitor the implementation of schemes and advise the Central Government on matters arising out of the administration of the Act.

34. Which is NOT a Principle of Labour Welfare?

Correct Answer: D. Placating
Solution:

Principles of Labour Welfare:

• Principle of Social Responsibility
• Principle of Democratic Values
• Principle of Fair Wages
• Principle of Work Efficiency
• Principle of Reconstruction of Personality
• Principle of Shared Responsibility
• Principle of Universality of Welfare

35. Apart from Factories Act, 1948, there exists some Specialised Safety Laws. Which among the following is NOT a specialised Safety law?

Correct Answer: C. The Plantation Labour Act, 1951

36. Which among the following is a correct statement with respect to Social Insurance?

Correct Answer: A. Social Insurance is Fundamentally different from commercial insurance.
Solution:

Social Insurance is defined as "a cоoperative device, which aims at granting adequate benefits to the insured on the compulsory basis, in times of unemployment, sickness and other emergencies, with a view to ensure a minimum standard of living, out of a fund created out of the tripartite contributions of the workers, employers and the State, and without any means test, and as a matter of right of the insured".

In social insurance the benefits received by the beneficiaries are usually much larger than the contribution they are required to pay towards the fund for the purpose whereas in Commercial Insurance, the policy benefits are according to premium paid.

37. Some Labour Markets, particularly those in which the sellers of labour are represented by a Union, operate under which one of the following?

Correct Answer: A. Very formal set of rules that partly govern buyer-seller transactions.

38. Isoquant has its particular curvature for which one of the following reasons?

Correct Answer: A. Labour and Capital are imperfect Substitutes.
Solution:

Isoquants are Convex to the Origin: If labour and capital are substitutes for each other, then isoquants must be convex to the origin. As bigger quantities of labour and smaller quantities of capital are employed to produce a given level of output, labour becomes less and less capable of substituting for capital.

The slope of the isoquant measures the rate at which capital can substitute for labour, keeping output constant. This slope is called the marginal rate of technical substitution of capital for labour (MRTS). Isoquants are downward-sloping and convex like indifference curves.

The diminishing MRTS tells us that the productivity that any one input can have is limited. As a lot of labour is added to the production process in place of capital, the productivity of labour falls. Similarly, when a lot of capital is added in place of labour, the productivity of capital falls.

39. Who confirmed after comprehensive study into the supply curve for Labour that "Variations in the proportion of a city's population in the labour force, that is, its participation rate appear to be inversely associated with variations in its average income per equivalent male worker"?

Correct Answer: D. Clarence D. Long

40. When some people are 'between jobs', the unemployment caused is known as which one of the following?

Correct Answer: C. Frictional Unemployment
Solution:

Disguised Unemployment: The situation of underemployment is referred to as the situation when people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential is called disguised unemployment. In this case, the person considers himself employed but is actually not working.

Seasonal Unemployment: Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are unemployed at particular times of the year when demand for labour is lower than usual. Seasonal unemployment refers to a temporary window of time where the number of available employment opportunities decreases.

Frictional Unemployment: Frictional unemployment occurs with voluntary employment transitions within an economy. As workers choose to move from one job to another and new workers enter the workforce for the first time, a temporary period of unemployment is created.

Cyclic Unemployment: Cyclical unemployment is caused by economic downturns or is related to changes in business conditions that affect the demand for workers. Cyclical unemployment is temporary, rising and falling along with contractionary and expansionary periods.