UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2019 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

The most unexacting definition of corruption is the abuse of public authority (by an elected official or a civil servant) for personal benefit. It endangers the rule of law, ethical principles and democracy’s values and institutions. Additionally it makes taxes more onerous and reduces the chances for farmers to sell their produce.

Indira Awas Yojna – 1985 later on changed as P.M. Gramin Awas Yojana – 25 June 2015.
• P.M. Gram Sadak Yojana – 25 December, 2000
• Atal Pension Yojana – 9 May, 2015
• Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana – 25 July, 2015

The Right to Information (RTI) Act of 2005 gives citizens the right to access information that is under the control of public authorities in order to encourage accountability and openness in how each public body operates.
• The political and administrative systems were made more careful, cautious and vigilant thanks to the right to information.

Qualification to become chairman are:
• Should be either former CJI or former Judge of SC.
• Or an eminent person with impeccable integrity and outstanding ability.
• Having special knowledge and expertise of minimum 25 years in matters related to anti-corruption policy, public administration, law, banking and management.
• The chairman should fulfill some condition to become a chairman of Lokpal.

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established for better protection of human rights in India.
• It is a statutory body established on 12th October, 1993.
• Under the Protection of Human Right Act (PHRA) 1993.
Ministry of Home Affairs is the Nodal Ministry of the National Human Rights Commission.

India Administrative Service (IAS) Under article 312 (2) in part XIV of the constitution of India.
• Indian Police Service Under Article 312(2) in part XIV of the constitution of India.
• Article 312 (1) gives provision for setting up All India Judicial Services.
• Indian Foreign Service (IFS) is not mentioned in the constitution. This question was deleted by the commission.

The second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) was set up by the Government of India on 31 August, 2005. It was constituted to prepare a detailed blueprint for reforming the public administration system. Veerappa Moily was its chairman. This commission submitted its report in 15 parts between June 2006 and May 2009.
• The second Administrative Reforms Commission recommended the formation of a Zila Parishad in every district with members representing both urban and rural areas.

 Appointments made by president of India by warrant under his sign and seal:
(i) Judges of the Supreme Court of India:
Every Judge of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal (on the recommendation of the National Judicial Appointments Commission referred to in article 124 A).
[Article 124 (2)].
(ii) Governor of a state:
The Governor of a state shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.

NITI Aayog (national Institution for Transforming India) is often described as a staff agency because its primary role is to assist and advise the government in policy making and planning rather than implementing programs directly.
• A staff agency provides expert analysis, guidance and recommendations to the government or higher authorities, without being involved in the execution of decisions.
• NITI Aayog is the policy think tank of the Government of India. It was established on January 1, 2015 replacing the Planning Commission, to provide a more decentralized and inclusive approach to governance and development.