UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2019 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

Total Questions: 100

11. Dialectic method was used for the first time in the writing of which one of the following thinkers?

Correct Answer: (b) Plato
Solution:

The dialectic method was used by various philosophers including Plato’s discussion on justice, Karl Marx’s dialectical materialism and the Hegelian dialectical method.

• The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was single out with the first shore of dialectics.

• The dialectic method is a conversation between two or more people who hold opposing viewpoints on a subject yet want to established the truth by reasoned discussion.

12. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) : In Machiavellian thought end justifies the means.
Reason (R) : The key objective of the Prince was to bring unity and integrity of the state.
On the basis of the two statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

Machiavelli in his book “The Prince” proposed the concept of “the ends justify the methods”.

• The state must be adored, even if it means sacrificing individuals for the sake of the state.
Hence, both (A) and (R) are correct.

13. Who stated that the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short?

Correct Answer: (b) Hobbes
Solution:

Hobbes wrote the classic book "Leviathan" in 1651 in which he mark off his thoughts on human nature and the necessity of governments and society.
• Hobbes outlined life during a state of nature as solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.
• Thus Hobbes affirmed that the life of man is solitary, poor nasty, brutish and short.

14. "The English think they are free. They are free only during the election of members of parliament." Who said this?

Correct Answer: (d) Rousseau
Solution:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan born political and moral philosopher of the Enlightement Era across Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution. He is well known for his work on the Social contract, which defined the government and its responsibility for its citizens.
• According to Rousseau, People's Sovereignty is sacrosanct and permanent. He uphold the direct democracy because it acts for the general will. Thus, Rousseau said "The English think they are free. They are free only during the election of members of parliament."

15. Who stated that placing restrictions on freedom of expressions of human beings is like robbing off the present and the future races?

Correct Answer: (a) J.S. Mill
Solution:

John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806-07 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant. He believed in moral theory called utilitarianism that actions that lead to people's happiness are right and that those that lead to suffering are wrong.
• J.S. Mill eminent between self regarding and other regarding actions.
• J.S. Mill advocate that placing restrictions on the freedom of expression of human beings is like robbing the present and the future races.

16. Who said that art, religion and philosophy differ only in form, their purpose in the same?

Correct Answer: (c) Hegel  
Solution:

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 Aug. 1770-14 Nov. 1831) was a German Philosopher. Hegel's social and political thinking deals with the concepts of freedom, reason self-consciousness, and recognition.
• Hegel in his book philosophy of right said that art, religion and philosophy differ only in form, their purpose is the same.
• Thus Hegel said that art, religion and philosophy differ only in form their purpose is the same.

17. Who is the writer of the book, A Great and Terrible World?

Correct Answer: (a) Antonio Gramsci 
Solution:

“A Great and Terrible world” in which Antonio Gramsci lived is evocative called up in this collection of letters written by him before he was imprisoned. This collection of letters not only shows Gramsci forming the theoretical concepts that would later come to fruition in the prison Notebooks but is also provides an essential and rounded picture of Gramsci's political, intellectual and emotional development.

18. Black Skin, White Masks is written by

Correct Answer: (c) Frantz Fanon
Solution:

Fanon was a political radical, Pan-africanist and Marxist humanist concerned with the psychopathology of colonization and the human social and cultural ramifications of decolonization in addition to being an intellectuals.
• The explosive black skin, white masks by Frantz Fanon is a ruthless expose of the psychological harm caused by colonial domination over the world.
 Important works of Fanon's are:
• Black skin white masks, 1952
• A dying colonialism, 1959
• The wretched of the Earth, 1961
• Toward the Africa revolution, 1964

19. Who said that political work is the life blood of all economic work?

Correct Answer: (b) Mao Zedong
Solution:

Mao Zedong (26 Dec. 1893-9 Sep. 1976) also known as Chairperson Mao was a Chinese politician, revolutionary and political theorist who founded the people’s Republic of China (PRC) and led the country from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
• Mao in his work on coalition Government eloquent that political work is the lifeblood of all economic work.
• Thus Mao Zedong said that political work is the life blood of all economic work.

20. The Idea of Justice as fairness in Rawlsian theory flows from

Correct Answer: (a) Individual 
Solution:

Rawlsian Theory of Justice: Only under a “veil of ignorance” could human being reach a fair and impartial agreement (contract) as true equals not biased by their place in society.
• The principles are meant to act together as a exclusive complete acknowledge of justice- “Justice as Fairness” rather than individually. These rules are always tread on the heels of see to it that the “least advantaged” are aided rather than harmed or disregarded.