UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2020 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

A.P. Rana gave the idea of the New Northern concert of power (NNCP) to analyse the relevance of non-aligned movement in post-cold war era.
• A.P. Rana is an author known for writing books that often explore themes of Indian history, culture and society.
• The Non-Aligned Movement has its origins from what has been referred to as the first large-scale Asian-African or Afro-Asian Conference, held on 18th to 24th April, 1955.

The Rajya Sabha has more power than the Lok Sabha in many aspects like-

1. Creating new All India services.
2. Enforcing a proclamation of emergency.
3. Authorizing Parliaments to make laws on state list subjects.
4. Introducing a resolution to remove the vice president.

• The Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha have equal powers in the following matters introducing and passing constitutional amendments bills and election and impeachment of the Presidents.
• The Lok Sabha is generally considered to be more powerful than the Rajya Sabha because it has more members who were directly elected by the people.

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is associated with judicial activism. Judicial activism is the practice of courts examine state actions and judicial philosophy that considers broader societal implications beyond the applicable law. It contrast with judicial restraint, which adheres to original intent and precedent and defers policy decisions to the legislature and executive.
• Some support it for protecting rights and driving change, with others advocate for strict interpretation. An example of judicial activism abortion on privacy grounds. In India, justices like VR Krishna Iyer, PN Bhagwati, chinnappa Reddy and DA Desai laid the ground work for judicial activism, griming the high judicial authority to declare legislature, executive and administrative actions unconstitutional.

B.R. Ambedkar was strongly opposed to the idea of Panchayati Raj system in India. Ambedhar's wholly opposed positions on the intrinsic defects of villages that prohibit panchayats from forming as institutions of self-government dominate India's post independence discourse on local self-government.
• To better comprehend India's contemporary panchayati governance starcher on introduction to the country's history of local self-government before and after independence is provided. To better understand panchayats three interlinked Finding out the roles of panchayats is of limited use without enough financial decentralization. As long as those at the ..... of society have power, they make it hard for the poor to join in. thus the aim of the study is to highlight the views of architect of Indian constitution on village panchayats.

Among the following statement, " it reflects the spirit of 'coming together' federation", is false abort the Indian federalism. Indian federalism is a quasi-federal structure, meaning it has characteristics of both federal and unitary governments.
• The constitution of India divides powers between the central and state governments, but also gives the central government more power in some situation. This bunch of features makes the Indian constitution flexible and adaptable.
• Here are some features of haden federalism:
1. Division of powers.
2. Constitutional supremacy.
3. Independent judiciary.
4. Centralized amendment power.
5. Coordination and cooperation.

Vinayak Damoodar Savorkar has given originally the idea of Hindu Rashtra. He articulated the concept of Hindutva which form the basis of this ideology; he is widely considered the originator of the Hindu Rashtra concept.
• His vision of Hindu Rashtra, or Hindu Nation, was "Akhand Bharat", which would stretch across the entire Indian subcontinent. He believed that Hindus are those who consider India to 'Mother land' and 'Holy land'.
• He believed that Hindutva was based on a common nation, race and culture and that it was not concerned with religion or rituals. He used word 'hindutva' to describe the 'quality of being a 'Hindu' or Hinduism'.