UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2020 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

21. A formal organization, according to Chester Bernard, come into existence when.

Correct Answer: (a) There are persons who are willing to contribute action
Solution:A formal organization, according to 'Chester Bernard', comes into existence when there are persons who are willing to contribute action. According to him, a formal organization comes into existence when there is a group of people with a common purpose, a willingness to cooperate, and the ability to communicate with each other effectively, when there is a consciously coordinated system of activities among individuals working towards shared goals.

22. The concept of 'traditional' authority involves

Correct Answer: (a) Use of authority by virtue of their inherited status by persons
Solution:

The concept of 'traditional' authority involves the use of authority by virtue of their inherited status by persons. Traditional authority is a type of leadership where a person or organization's power comes from long-standing traditions, customs or beliefs.
• In a traditional authority system, the legitimacy of the authority is based on the idea that "things have always been that way."

23. Which of the following factors did not contribute of the evolution of the scientific management theory?

Correct Answer: (d) proper job design and economic incentives to workers
Solution:

 A power job design and economic incentives to workers did not contribute to the evolution of the scientific management theory. Scientific management is a management theory that aims to improve economic efficiency and labor productivity by analyzing and synthesizing workflows.
• Factors that contributed to the evolution of scientific management theory include-

  • Demand for efficiency.
  • Management crisis.
  • Cooperation between management and workers.
  • Scientific analysis.
  • Harmony in the work place.
  •  This theory was developed by Fredrick Taylor and aimed to provide workers with tools maximize their efficiency and output.

24. Which of the following state about the 'Consumer Protect Act 2019' is NOT true?

Correct Answer: (d) It ignores mediation as an alternate dispute resolution mechanism
Solution:The statement, "It ignores mediation as an alternate dispute resolution mechanism in not true about the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. The consumer protection Act, 2019 was notified on August 9th, 2019. However, it came into effect from July 20th, 2020.
• The act provides comprehensive protection to consumers against various unfair practices and substandard goods/services.
• Special consumer forums are set up at the district, state and national levels to hear complaints and provide speedy resolutions.

25. ‘Consumer Protection Bill 2019’ was passed by Indian Parliament on

Correct Answer: (c) 6th August 2019
Solution:The consumer protection act, 2019 was
passed by the Indian parliament on August 6, 2019:
• Lok Sabha - Passed on July 30, 2019.
• Rajya Sabha - Passed on August 6, 2019.
• President - Received assent on August 9, 2019
• Notified-Notified in the Gazette of India on August 9,
2019.
• Came into effect - 20 July, 2020.

26. ‘Hegemony’ refers to

Correct Answer: (c) The capacity of bourgeoisie to displace rival views and become, in effect, the common sense of the age
Solution:‘Hegemony’ refers to the capacity of bourgeoisie to displace rival views and become, in effect the common sense of the age. It is not a form of domination through consent, rather than force.
• It can refer to political, economic or military domination over other states or groups of people.
• The word hegemony comes from the Greek word ‘hegemonic’, which is a noun formed from the verb hegeisthai, meaning to lead.

27. Who among the following rejected ‘scientific determinism’ and advocated political and intellectual struggle?

Correct Answer: (a) Antonio Gramsci
Solution:

Antonio Gramsci rejected ‘scientific determinism’ and advocated for political and intellectual struggle. Scientific determinism is a philosophical perspective that defines the results of science and current events are the results of science, meaning the biological and environmental realities are casual. There are no random causes or free will. But scientific determinism defines the results of scientific enquiry. Like all things, the past scientific results define the present and future.
• Political and intellectual struggles noninvolved a variety of issues, including-

  1. Cultural and political struggle.
  2. Domestic struggle for recognition
  3. Women’s agency in shaping the spaces and places of
    their lives.
  4. The role of intellectuals in challenging capitalist
    hegemony.
  5. The political role of intellectuals in modern society.

28. Which of the following indicates the nature of planning in India in Contemporary times?

Correct Answer: (c) Perspective Planning
Solution:Perspective planning indicates the nature of planning is a long-term planning method that involves setting targets for a period of 15 to 25 years.

• It is a written document that includes maps and diagrams and it’s not a single plan for the entire period. Instead, the broader objectives are broken down into shorter term plans of 4 to 6 years.
• The process of preparing a perspective plan involves-

  1. Assessing backwardness
  2. Benchmarking development status
  3. Visioning
  4. Mapping resources.
  5. Assessing needs into programs.
  6. Prioritizing.

29. Who among the following was/is the first chairman of NITI Aayog in India?

Correct Answer: (c) Narendra Modi
Solution:Prime minister, Narendra Modi is the first chairman of NITI Aayog in India. NITI Aayog or the National Institution for Transforming India, it is a government think tank that provides strategic and technical advice to the central and state government. It was established in 2015 and is headquartered in New Delhi.
• NITI Aayog is supported by the Development Monitoring and Evaluation Organisation (DEMO), the National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (NILERD), and the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM).
• NITI Aayog has several functional bodies, including the Governing Council, Regional Councils and the
full time organizational framework.
• The vice-chairperson of NITI Aayog, is Suman K Bery.

30. Who among the following has presented the incremental model of public policy?

Correct Answer: (b) Charles E. Lindblom
Solution:Charles E. Lindblom has presented the incremental model of public policy. He was an American political scientist, developed the incremental model of public policy in the 1950s. He presented the model in his 1959 essay, Science of Muddling through.
• Lindblom believed that rational decision-making was impossible for most issues because of disagreement over. He argued that instrumentalism was the most practical way to achieve major reforms gradually through a democratic process.