UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2020 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

31. Which one of the following is not theory or model of representation?

Correct Answer: (d) Consensus
Solution:

Consensus is not a theory or model of representation. Models of representation refer to ways in which elected officials behave in representative democracies.

  1. Delegate.
  2. Trustee.
  3. Politico.

32. According to Greek system of classification of regimes, the degenerative form of rule by many is known as.

Correct Answer: (c) Anarchic democracy (mob rule)
Solution:According to Greek system of classification of regimes, the degenerative form of rule by many is known as Anarchic democracy (Mob rule).
• Anarchy derived from a Greek word meaning ‘having no rules’, is a belief system that rejects governmental authority in favor of self-governing community consensus that has become a synonym for chaos and the breakdown of civil order.
• Anarchism democracy- Anarchism, as a political philosophy, is fundamentally about collective deliberation and responsibility.
• The term ‘anarchy’ literally means ‘without a ruler’, and not as many believe, “no rules”. Although many
anarchist and radical change, the change that most envision is not societal breakdown but rather people
learning to collectively rule themselves (or in other words, direct democracy).

33. Who among the following is often portrayed as the ‘father’ of cultural nationalism?

Correct Answer: (d) Johann Gottfried Herder
Solution:Johann Gottfried Herder is often portrayed as the ‘father’ of cultural nationalism. His theory of cultural nationalism emphasized the idea that a country is an organic entity with a unique language and culture.
• Herder assumed that nations were entities with a specific language and cultural properties. But history
fulfilled neither his preferences nor his expectations.
• Herders unipolitical nations did nation did often develop nationalist movements and then Herders cultural orbiters become part of the legitimating of states.

34. Which one the following is Not a cause of Democratic Shift in the context of Democratisation?

Correct Answer: (d) Media
Solution:Media is not a cause of democratic shift in the context of democratisation. Democratisation, or democratization, is the structural government transition from political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction.
• Democracy is government in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all adult citizens, directly or through their freely elected representatives. Democracy rests upon the principles of majority rule and individual rights.

35. Who among the following reformulated Hans Morgenthau's 'six principles' of political realism from a feminist perspective?

Correct Answer: (b) J. Ann Tickner
Solution:

 J. Ann Tickner reformulated Hans Morgenthau's six principles of political realism from a feminist perspective.

(Morgenthau's six principles- (1) Politics, like society in general, is governed by objectives law that have their roots in human nature which is unchanging. Therefore, it is possible to) develop a rational theory that reflects these objective laws.
(2) The main signpost of political realism is the concept of interest defined in terms of power which infuses rational order into the subject matter of politics and thus makes the theoretical understanding of politics possible. Political realism stresses the rational objective and universal.
(3) Realism assumes that interest defined as power in an objective category which is universally valid but not with a meaning that is fixed once and for all. Power is the control of man over man.
(4) Political realism is aware of the moral significance of political action. It is also aware of the tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action.
(5) Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe. It is the concept of rule tested defined in the terms of power that saves us from moral excess and political.
(6) The political realist maintains the autonomy of the autonomy of the political sphere. He asks how does, this policy affect the power of the nation. 'Political man' would be a beast, for he would be completely lacking restraints. But, in order to develop an autonomous theory of political behaviour, 'political man' must be abstracted from other aspects of human nature.

36. ‘The combination of liberal democracy and the market had drawn a finishing line in the history of political and social development’. Who made this statement?

Correct Answer: (c) Francis Fukuyama
Solution:The combination of liberal democracy and the market had drawn a finishing line in the history of political and social development". Francis fukuyama made this statement.
• Francis fukuyama is an American political scientist, political economist, international relations scholar and
writer.

37. Which of the following is the executive - bureaucratic arm of the European Union?

Correct Answer: (b) The European Commission
Solution:The European Commission is the executive- bureaucratic arm of the European Union. The European
commission (EC) is the executive branch of the European Union (EU). It was established on January 16, 1958, and its role is to-
• Represent and protect the EU's interest.
• Shape the EU's strategy.
• Propose and monitor EU laws and policies.
• Manage the EU Budget.
• Support international development.
• The EC is made up of 27 commissioners, one from
each EU member state. The commissioners are appointed every five years and the president of the commission assigns them responsibility for specific policy areas.

38. Which of the following is not a principle of jus ad bellum (just recourse to war)?

Correct Answer: (d) Humanity
Solution:Humanity is not principle of jus ad bellum (Just recourse to war). Jus ad bellum is a Latin phrase that means ‘right to war’ and refers to the conditions under which a sate may use armed force or go to war. It is a key component of just was theory, which states that was should only be justified in certain just circumstances.

39. Who among the following is NOT a key figure of 'Conservatism'?

Correct Answer: (a) T.H. Green
Solution:

 Edmund Burke has been widely regarded the philosophical founder of modern conservatism. He served as the private secretary to the Marquis of Rockingham and as official pamphleteer to the Rockingham branch of the Whig party.

• Key features of Conservatism A central theme to conservative thought is the desire to conserve traditions, customs and institutions that have endured overtime. The rationale, customs and institutions have been tested over time and represent accumulated wisdom of the past and are worth preserving and retained for benefit of future generation. They also believe that tradition strengthens social integration through a common identify.
• Edmund Burke change is only necessary in order to conserve. Established traditions, customs and institutions arguably ensure stability and promote a shared sense of history and belonging.

40. In which one of the following countries, 'consociationalism' as a power-sharing mechanism is not practiced?

Correct Answer: (a) Germany
Solution:'Consociationalism' as a power sharing mechanism is not practiced in Germany. Consociationalism is a form of democratic power sharing. Political scientists define a convociational state as one which has major internal divisions along ethnic, religious or linguistic lines but which remains stable due consultation among the elites of these groups.
• In a consociational state, all groups, including minorities are represented on the political and economic stages. Supporters of the consociationalism argue that it is a more realistic option in deeply divided societies that integrationist approaches to conflict management.