UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2020 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

41. Which among the following is not an element of G.A. Cohen's thought on the theory of socialism?

(a) Theory of maldistribution of freedom under capitalism
(b) Genuine fraternity promulgated by liberal egalitarianism
(c) Deep inegalitarian structure of John Rawls' theory
(d) Market socialism

Choose the appropriate answer from below–

Correct Answer: (b) only (a) and (c)
Solution:

Genuine fraternity promulgated by liberal egalitarianism is not an element of G.A. Cohen's
thought on the theory of socialism. Here are some other aspects of G.A. Cohen's thought on
socialism-

  1. Equality of opportunity.
  2. Camping trip analogy.
  3. Feasibility.
  4. Capital accumulation.
  5. Libertarian property.
  6. Unequal distribution of freedom.

42. Which of the following statements are true about dependency theory?

(A) Dependency theory was strongly influenced by Marxists and Non-Leninists who were critical of development
(B) Dependency theory stressed the peaceful, evolutionary process of modernisation
(C) Development in the third world was dependent on development in the already developed nations.
(D) The First World does not exploit the third world

Choose the most appropriate answer from the

Correct Answer: (c) A and C only
Solution:

Among the following statements, Development in the third world was dependent on development in the already developed nations is true about dependency theory- There are some statements, true about dependency theory-

  1. Economic inequality.
  2. Resources flow.
  3. Reaction to modernization theory.
  4. Neo-Marxist account.
  5. World-system theory.
  6. Educational structures.
  7. Aid dependency.

Dependency theory also suggest that-

  1. Advanced nations actively cause dependence.
  2. The poor nations are interested in the resources of
    the poor nations.
  3. The greater a country's degree of dependency, the
    greater will be its difficulties in establishing effective
    social and educational institutions.

43. Which of the following statements are about the Authoritarian and Totalitarianism?

(A) In authoritarian regimes, government is not constitutional responsible to the public
(B) Authoritarian regimes may be institutionalised and legitimate
(C) Totalitarian regimes seek to control and transform all aspects of the state, society and economy
(D) Totalitarian regimes do not have strong ideological goal and do not uses violence as a tool for remaking institutions

Choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) A, B and C only
Solution:Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized government power maintained by political repression and exclusion of potential or supposed challengers by armed force. It uses political parties and mass organization to mobilize people around the goals of the regime.
• Totalitarian is a form of government that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizen. It is
characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. It does not permit individual freedom.
• Traditional social institutions and organizations are discouraged and suppressed, making people more willing to be merged into a single unified movement. Totalitarian states typically pursue a special goal to the exclusion of all others, with all resources directed toward its attainment, regardless of the cost.
• Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism are both terms that are different analytically but constitute similarities. While authoritarianism wants the blind deference of its population to authority.
• Totalitarian seeks to achieve this through imposing complete control over the lives of its citizens.

44. According to Aristotle, which of the following statements are correct?

(A) Polis Should be large enough to guarantee self sufficiency and small enough to ensure good government.
(B) The Polis was natural and prior of the individual, no chronologically but teleologically
(C) Polis is the highest and most comprehensive of Human Associations
(D) Polis is man writ large

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) A, B and C only
Solution:Aristotle believed that the polis or city-state, was the highest form human community and the proper arena for human existence. Aristotle believed that the polis was the highest form of community because it was the first self-sufficient community and the place where humans could fulfill their potential. He believed that public life was more virtuous than private life and that humans are by nature a political animal.
• Aristotle believed that the polis was the proper place for human to strive for civic distinction and moral perfection. Aristotle's discussion of political theory were based on the assumption that the polis was the best and only sensible political system.

45. Marx's concept of alienated labour includes

(A) Alienation from the product
(B) Alienation From the Process
(C) Alienation from Species
(D) Alienation from Nature

Choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) A, B, C and D only
Solution:Karl Marx was a nineteenth century economic and political intellectual. Along with his astute analysis of Industrial capitalism Marx also explained the concept of alienated labour which includes alienation from the product, process, species and nature. identified urban industrial workers, whom he called the proletariat, as the class that would bring for Marx was
the driving force of History.
• Marx characterized the condition of urban industrial workers as one of isolation, dehumanization and separation from their very human essence. Marx defined alienation as an inherent condition of capitalism. The economic system of capitalism isolates and dehumanizes human beings and is the source and cause of alienation.
• The four types of alienation according to Marx-
(i) Alienation from one's product.
(ii) Alienation from the act of production.
(iii) Alienation from one's human nature.
(iv) Alienation from other workers and society.

46. Given below are the statements about the difference between passive resistance and satyagraha. Which ones are true?

(A) Passive resistance is weapon of the weaker sections, satyagraha never desires to terrorise the opponent.
(B) Passive Resistance is negative in practice, whereas satyagraha is positive morality
(C) Passive Resistance is equivalent to satyagraha
(D) Passive Resistance is not afraid of the physical strength while satyagraha is afraid of physical strength.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) A and B only
Solution:Passive resistance is a nonviolent way of oppose a government or laws, often by refusing to cooperate with authorities or breaking laws. Some examples of passive resistance include-
(i) Economic boycotts.
(ii) Protect marches.
(iii) Hunger strikes.
• Satyagraha a form of non-violent resistance used by Mahatma Gandhi to oppose British rules in India.
• The term was first recorded between 1880. It has been a key weapon for many social nationalist and resistance movement in modern times.
• Satyagraha provides ongoing mental cleansing while passive resistance may be consistent with internal violence against the opponent, it has no room for hatred. Passive resistance in the weapons of the weaker sections, Satyagraha never desires to terrorise the opponent.

47. Jaya Prakash Narayan formed which of the following parties?

(A) Congress Socialist Party
(B) Bhoodan Andolan Party
(C) Praja Socialist Party
(D) Democratic Praja Socialist Party

Choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) A and C only
Solution:Jayaprakash Narayan was an Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader. He is also known as the Hero of quit India movement.
• He took a leading part in the formation of the congress socialist party.
• In 1952, he formed the ‘Praja Socialist Party’ (PSP).

48. 'Fatwa-i-Jahandari' of Ziauddin Barani is related with

(A) Advices for Muslim kings in order to earn religious merit and the gratitude of the subjects
(B) Advices to all the kings
(C) Description of the origin of state
(D) Tenets of secularism

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) A Only
Solution:Fatwa i Jahandari of Ziauddin Barani is related with advice to all the kings Ziauddin Barani is a 14th century Indo-Islamic political theorist and historian.
• He also wrote the book provides a detailed account of the Delhi sultanate, focusing on the reign of sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

49. Which of the following statements are true with regard to Pandita Ramabai?

(A) She was a staunch supporter of Hindu Philosophy
(B) She was a pioneer in the field of education and emancipation of women in India
(C) She was the writer of "The High Caste Hindu Women"
(D) She was Anti-Christianity

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) B and C
Solution:Pandita Ramabai was a social worker, scholar and champion of woman's rights, freedom and education during the late 19th and early 20th century.
Recognized as one of India's most influential woman reformers, she was the first to promote the welfare and education of Indian Widows.
• In 1887, she went on to publish her second full-length book, the High-caste Hindu Woman the first Indian feminist manifesto. She also successfully lobbied for aid to start a secular school intended for child widows in India, and formed the Ramabai Association which pledged 10 years of financial support for her cause.

50. In which of the following countries, did India participate in the peace keeping operations?

(A) Korea
(B) Gaza Strip
(C) Cyprus
(D) Labanan

Choose the correct answer from the options

Correct Answer: (d) A, B, C and D all
Solution:Since 1948, UN Peacekeepers have undertaken 71 field missions, presently, there are approximately 8,820 personnel serving on 13 peace operations a nine-fold increase since 1999. A total of 119 countries have contributed military and police personnel to UN peacekeeping. Currently 72,930 of
those serving are troops and Military observers and about 8,890 are police personnel.
• India has been the largest troop contributor to UN Missions since inception. So for India has taken part 49 peacekeeping missions with a total contribution exceeding 2153,00 troops and a significant number of police personnel have been deployed. Therefore, among the following countries India participated in the peace keeping mission In Korea, Gaza strip, cypres and lebanan.