UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2020 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

81. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion and the other is labelled as Reason.

Assertion (A) : The idea of 'governance' gained in prominence by connoting a plurality of rules and states' non dominance

Reason (R) : The idea of governance owes its origin to the World Bank.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

The idea of governance gained in prominence by connoting a plurality of rules in place of the states monopoly and the idea of governance owes its origin to the world Bank.

• According to the United Nations (UN), governance refers to the activities of all political and administrative authorities to govern their country. Meanwhile, as states by the International Monetary fund (IMF), Governance is a concept in which a country is managed, including economic, policy and legal aspects.
• Thus, in general, governance has the meaning the decision making process and the process of determining which policies will be implemented and not implemented.

82. Given below are two statements :

Statement I : Globalisation has helped in deepening democracy in India.
Statement II : Globalisation has deeply impacted the Indian society.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Solution:

Globalisation has had a profound positive impact on India across various aspects, including technology, culture, society, education and women empowerment.

• Globalisation is promoted and supported by several factors. A few of the factors which aid the process of globalization are as follows-

  1. Economic reforms.

  2. Information technology.

  3. Foreign direct investment.

  4. World trade organization.

  5. Infrastructure development.

  6. Divers work force.

  7. Cultural exchange and soft power.

83. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Chaudhary Charan Singh was the only Prime Minister in India who did not face the Parliament.

Statement II: Passage of a no-confidence motion in Lok Sabha leads to the ouster of a government from office.

 

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Solution:

Chaudhary Charan singh was the only prime minister in India who did not face the parliament.

• After resignation of prime minister Morarji Desai in July, 1979, Charan Singh was sworn in as the PM.

• Just before he was to prove his majority in Lok Sabha, the Congress party withdrew its support and he resigned without facing the Parliament.

84. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: India has deliberately been christened as a 'Union of States' instead of a 'federation of states' by the Constitution.

Statement II: The word 'Union' does indicate particular type federation that constitution makers envisaged for India.

 

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
Solution:

India has deliberately been cherished as a Union of states instead of a federation of states by the constitution.

• The term 'Union' indicates that India was not the result of an agreement between states. This means that the states do not have the right to secede from the union.

85. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: A country's foreign policy is the product of its history.

Statement II: Core values of Indian national movement constituted the bedrock, blocks of Indian foreign policy.

 

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Solution:

 Foreign policy is a set of strategies and actions that a country uses to guide its relationship with other countries and international organization. It reflects a country's values, interests and preferences and is a driver its political and economic goals in the global arena.

• Foreign policy is the product of a country's history. It may be influenced history, leadership, domestic considerations, other states, geopolitical strategies and media.

• There are several core values of Indian National movement, that can be appear in India foreign policy, like- panchsheel principles, Anti-colonialism and anti-racism, Non-alignment, Peaceful settlement and foreign economic aid.

86. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: M.N. Roy considered the economic interpretation of history propounded by Marx as misconceived and imperfect.

 

Statement II: M.N. Roy argued that the real form of social and economic process is not determined merely by types of material resources.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Solution:

 M.N. Roy considered the economic interpretation of history propounded by Marx as misconceived and imperfect. He argued that the real form of social and economic process is determined merely by types of material resources. He believed that the human will the central real were important factors in history.

• There are some difference between Roy's materialism and traditional materialism. In fact Roy's materialism is a restatement of traditional materialism in the light of contemporary scientific knowledge. According to him, the substratum of the universe is not matter as traditionally conceived but it is 'physical' as against mental or 'spiritual'. It is in other words, a measurable entity. Therefore, Roy says to prevent prejudice, materialism could be promoted as physical realism.

87. Given below are two statements:

Statement I : Oligarchy is a government dominated by the few.
Statement II : Robert Mckenzie formulated the iron law of oligarchy.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Solution:Oligarchy is a form of government in which a small group of people hold most or all political power
Oligarchy is sometimes used to describe a government or society which rules are selected from a small class of elites.
• In modern times, “Oligarchy” is term generally applied to China and Iran. China describes itself as a maintained by a select for sale decades.
• Iran has been characterized as a theocracy and a clerical oligarchy.

88. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Social democracy combines elements of liberalism and socialism to reconcile freedom and equality.
Statement II: Social democratic regimes use the system of neo corporatism wherein policy-making involves the state, labour and the businesses.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Solution:Social democracy combines elements of liberalism and socialism to reconcile freedom and equality. It's regimes use the system of neocorporatism wherein policy-making involves the state, labour and businesses.
• Social democracy is a social, economic and political philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy and gradualist, reformist and democratic approach toward achieving limited socialism.
• While Democratic socialism is left wing economic and political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of socially economic democracy, workplace democracy and workers self management within socialist decentralized planned or democratic centrally planned socialist economy.

89. Given below are two statements:

Statements I: Every constitution has a philosophy of its own.
Statements II: For the philosophy underlying Indian Constitution, we must look back into the historic Objective Resolution moved by Pandit Nehru.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Solution:Every constitution has a philosophy of its own. Like, the philosophy of Indian constitution revolves around several key principal such as Sovereignty, Equality, Justice, Liberty, fraternity, Dignity, Secularism, federalism, democratic principles.
• Jawaharlal Nehru moved the objective resolution on December 13, 1946 which established the concept and guiding principles for building the constitution and eventually took the shape of the preamble to the Indian constitution. On 22 January, 1947 the constitution

90. Given below are two statements:

Statements I : Chester Bernard defined organization as system of consciously coordinated activities of two or more persons.
Statement II: Chester Bernard supported the viewpoint the man is mainly motivated by economic incentives.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Solution:

Chester Barnard defined an organization as a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons. Barnard believed that the most important aspect of an organization is how its coordination is achieved.
• Barnard also believed that the initial structure of an organization depend on three elements.

  • 1. The willingness of people of contribute to the cooperative system.
    2. The existence of a cooperative objective.
    3. The presence of a proper communication system.