UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2023 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

Total Questions: 100

41. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A : A prismatic society has heterogeneous structures existing side by side and which are diametrically opposite to each other.
Reason R : The social change in a prismatic society would be inconsistent, incomplete and unresponsive.

 

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Correct Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Solution:

A prismatic society has heterogeneous structures existing side by side and which are diametrically opposite to each other because the social change in a prismatic society would be inconsistent, incomplete and unresponsive.

42. Who among the following thinkers said that, “The communication of intangible facts, opinions, suggestions and suspicions that cannot pass through formal channels are communicated through informal channels”?

Correct Answer: (d) Chester Barnard
Solution:

Chester Bernard said that, “The communication of intangible facts, opinions, suggestions and suspicions that cannot pass through formal channels are communicated through informed channels.”

43. Which of the following statement have not been made by M.N. Srinivas regarding caste politics in India?

A. There is horizontal solidarity of caste in India
B. Modern technology created hurdles on the way to cast solidarity
C. There was even vertical solidarity between castes
D. There are competition amongst castes in political economic sphere

 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Correct Answer: (b) B and C only
Solution:

M.N. Srinivas regarding caste politics in India.
• Modern technology created hurdles on the way to cast solidarity.
• There was even vertical solidarity between castes.

M.N. Srinivas developed the concept of Sanskritization. He defined the Sanskritization in his book “social change in Modern India” published in 1971. It means “a process by which a low caste or a tribe or other group change its customs, rituals, ideology and a way of life in the direction of a high and frequently, twice born caste.”

His important works:-
• Social change in Modern India
• Caste in Modern India and other Essays
• The dominant caste and other essays
• India social structure
• The grassroots of democracy
• Village caste and gender and method : Essay.

44. Match List-I with List-II

Correct Answer: (c) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Solution:

45. Which period of the evolution of public administration is referred as 'The Exploratory Period'?

Correct Answer: (a) 1887-1910
Solution:

The evolution of public administration is referred as 'the exploratory period' - 1887-1910.
The five successive phase of development of public administration are:-
Phase 1: The politics/administration dichotomy (1887- 1926)
Phase 2: The principle of administration (1927-1937)
Phase 3: Ctiticism and challenges (1938-1950)
Phase 4: Crisis of identity (1950-1970)
Phase 5: Public Administration as an independent discipline (1970 onwords).

46. Who among the following thinkers proposal the concept of “Mental Revolution”?

Correct Answer: (a) F.W. Taylor
Solution:

The concept of ‘Mental Revolution’ was proposed by ‘F.W. Taylor’.

Mental Revolution is it change in thinking both on the part of management and workers. Success of implementation of scientific management depend on the mental evolution of management and workers both as to their duty to cooperate possible surplus and to their necessity for substituting exact scientific knowledge for opinions or the old rule of thumb of individual knowledge. If not all the measures suggested in scientific management system would be useless. Mental revolution is a change in thinking on both the sides.

47. Which among the following statements is true about rise of alternative perspective on India foreign policy?

In the mid 1960s, the Swatantra party presented a classical conservative perspective on foreign policy.
A. It was led by I.K. Gujral.
B. The supporters were drawn from former bureaucrats, business community and members of princely families.
C. They united in their opposition to Nehru's Fabian economics.
D. They believed in the forces of the market and private enterprises.
E. The Swatantra party were founded by C. Raja Gopalachari in 1959.

 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Correct Answer: (b) A, C, D, E only
Solution:

The alternative perspective on Indian foreign policy are:–
• In the mid 1960s, the Swatantra party presented a classical conservative perspective on foreign policy.
• The supporters were drawn from former bureaucrats, business community and members of princely families.
• They united in their opposition to Nehru's Fabian Economics.
• They believed in the forces of the market and private enterprises.

The Swatantra party were founded by C. Raja Gopalachari in 1959.
I.K. Gujral became Prime Minister between 21 April, 1997 to 19 March, 1998.

Thus, statement A, C, D, E only is correct.

48. Who among the following thinkers holds “the view that no citizen should be sufficiently opulent to be able to purchase another and none so poor as to be forced to sell himself”?

Correct Answer: (c) Rousseau
Solution:

“Rousseau view that no citizen should be sufficiently opulent to be able to purchase another and none so poor as to be forced to sell himself.” This is one of the key statements that Rousseau makes in the social contract which strikes as a modern-day socialist ideology. Apart from the simplicity of the statement itself, note that the usage of the word ‘citizen’ implies the involvement of the government. The context here being Rousseau believed the state shall not allow inequality to the degree as mention above a simpler version of the statement use to explain this idea in a more modern sense is. “The rich should not be allowed to get richer while the poor get poorer.”

Some others statements of Rousseau are:–
• “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains”.
• “To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man, to surrender the right of humanity”.
• “Government is an intermediate body set-up between the subjects and the sovereign, to secure their mutual correspondence”.

49. Who among the following scholars gave the statement that, “In course of time, however (while Nehru was still alive), the Congress party ceased to be a movement and became a party and government”?

Correct Answer: (c) Rajni Kothari
Solution:

Rajni Kothari gave the statement that, “in course of time, however (while Nehru was still alive), the congress party ceased to be a movement and became a party and government.”

Rajni Kothari (1928-2015) founder of CSDC (Centre for the Study of Developing Societies) in 1963 and Lokayan (Dialogue of the people) started in 1980.

His Important works:–
• Politics in India (1970)
• Caste in Indian Politics (1970)
• Rethinking Democracy (2005)
• State Against Democracy: In search of Humane Governance (1988)
• Communalism in India (1998)
• The multiverse of democracy
• Foot step into the future

50. Which of the following Commissions/Committee recommended for the establishment of the Lokpal and Lokayukta for First time?

Correct Answer: (a) First Administrative Reforms Commission
Solution:

First Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) recommended for the establishment of the Lokpal and Lokayukta for first time.

The ARC is the commission appointed by the Government of India for giving recommendations for reviewing the public administration system of India. The first ARC was established on 5th January, 1966. It was chaired by Morarji Desai and later on K. Hanumanthai became it chairman when Desai become the Deputy Prime Minister of India.

Some other facts –
• A. D. Gorwala Committee– 1952 recommended the nationalization of bank and renaming the Imperial Bank of India like State Bank of India on July 1, 1955. The Imperial Bank of India was named as State Bank of India by RBI.
• The Second ARC (31 Aug 2005)– Chairmanship of Veerappa Moily for prepared a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administrative system.
• Santhanam Committee– It was an anti corruption committee that Lal Bahadur Shastri had appointed. The committee submitted its report in Jan 1963. “It was landmark document in the history of the India anti-corruption movement.”