UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2023 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

According to MP Follet : Four principle of coordination in management are – Direct contact, early start, reciprocal relationship and continuity process.

1. Direct Contact – Coordination is best achieved through direct personal contact among the people. To convey ideas, feelings and information, direct communication is the most effective way. Face to face meetings and discussions helps to clear doubts and removes misunderstanding.

2. Early Start – Coordination can be easily achieved in the early stage of planning and policy making. Integration of efforts become easy by the mutual consultation and participation otherwise it is difficult in the execution of work.

3. Reciprocal Relationship – States that all factors in a given situation are reciprocally related for example in a group.

4. Continuity Process – Coordination is a continuous process, it cannot be left to chance but management strives continuously for maintaining proper balance among different element. Sound coordination is not firefighting but anticipating in advance the conflict and preventing their occurrence.

Thus, according to question option (b) is not principle of coordination.

M.P. Follet (1868-1933) important books:
• The speaker of House of Representative (1896)
• The New State (1918)
• The creative experience (1924)
• Dynamic Administration (1941)

Harold J. Laski (1893-1950) associated with following statement are:-
• Every state is known by the right that it maintains.
• We do not mean by the rights the grant of some historic conditions possessed in the childhood, but lost in the process of time.
• Rights in fact are those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general to be himself at his best.

His Important Works:-
• A grammar of politics (1925)
• An introduction to politics (1931)
• Authority in the modern state
• Communism
• Democracy in crisis (1935)
• Liberty in the modern state
• Parliamentary Government in England
• Reflection on the revolution of our times
• The American Democracy
• Studies in the problem of sovereignty
• The foundations of sovereignty

Thus, statement A, B, C are correct.

Central Information Commission (CIC): The CIC was established by the Central Government in 2005, under the provisions of the Right to Information Act (2005), it is not a constitutional body. When CIC was constituted intially, it has five commissions including Chief Information Commissioner but now present time it consist of a chief information commissioner and not more than ten Information Commissioners.
The member of CIC are appointed by the President on the recommendation of a committee consisting in the Lok Sabha and Union Minister nominated by the Prime Minister. The jurisdiction of the commission extends over all Central Public Authorities. The tenure of Chief Information Commissioner and information commssioner shall hold office for a period of three year or until they attain the age of 65 years from the date on which he enters upon office, whichever is earlier. They are not eligible for reappointment.
Power and Functions of CIC:-
• To receive and inquire into a complaint from any person regarding information requested under RTI, 2005.
• It can order an inquiry it any matter if there are reasonable grounds (Suo-Moto power)
• While inquiring, the commission has the powers of civil court in

The following- membership criteria of the NAM are:-
• The country should support national independence movements.
• The country should have adopted an indepdendent policy based on co-existence of states.

The book 'Public Policy Making Re-examined and Design for policy sciences' has written by Yehezkel Dror. In the book 'Public policy making re-examined deals as a fundamental treatise for public policy studies. Its focus on systematic approach to policy studies and as a modern classic of continuing importance for the teaching and research of public policy, planning and policy analysis and public administration.
Professor Dror combines the approaches of policy analysis, behavioural science and systems analysis in his examination of the reality of public policymaking and his suggestion for its reforms.
'Design for policy sciences' focus on an interdisciplinary research and systems analysis approach to government. Policy formulation and decision makingexamines the inadequacy of contemporary behavioural science and scientific management, the need for a fusion between pure and applied research etc. and concludes that the advancement of policy science is necessary even for handling the routine problems of everyday policy making.

The following statements is correct regarding Supreme Court of India :-
• Under the Arbitration and concillation Act 1996, International commercial arbitration can also be initiated in the Supreme Court. This act is defined as an arbitration arising from a legal relation which must be considered commercial, where either of the parties is a foreign national or resident or is a foreign body corporate or is a company, associated or body of individuals whose central management or controls is exercise in some other country, or a government of a foreign country.
• The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction under article 143. It has described this jurisdiction power and has maintained it in a mannered way. The advisory shows that the President can also get help the jurisdictional power or advice of the Supreme Court. It has been seen that in the time of need of a lower courts for any matter the higher authority gives support to the constitutional body.
• Article 32 of the constitution gives an extension original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court with regarding to enforcement of fundamental rights. The Supreme Court can issue writs, directions or orders including writs in the nature of mandamus, habeaus corpus, quo warranto, prohibition and certiorari. Thus, all the statement are correct.

The chronological order of formation of political parties are:-
Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI (M)]                – 1964
Shiv Sena                                                                       - 1966
Bharatiya Janta Party                                                     -1980
Samjwadi Party                                                              - 1992
Some other party formation are:-
Indian National Congress Party                                      -1885
Communist Party of India (CPI)                                       -1925
Telugu Desam Party                                                         -1982
Bahujan Samajwadi Party (BSP)                                        -1984
Biju Janta Dal                                                                   - 1997
All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)                                - 1998
National Congress Party (NCP)                                        -1999
YSR Congress Party                                                          - 2011
National People's Party                                                    - 2013

Chronological order of event/conferences of Public Administration are:-

• Publication of "the element of administration" by Urwick - 1944

• The Philadelphia conference - 1967

• First Minnowbrook conference - 1968

• Publication of book "Public Administration in a time of Turbulence" by Waldo - 1971