UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2023 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

Total Questions: 100

11. Which of the following statements are correct about G-20?

A. It has 20 sovereign nations only as its member
B. The group includes almost all 20 leading economies of the world
C. G-20 operates as an informal forum to promote dialogue between finance ministers, central banks and heads of governments
D. It represents the emergence of a new institutional world order.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) B, C and D only
Solution:

The G-20 or Groups of 20 is an intergovernmental forum, comprising 19 countries and a European union. It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation and sustainable development.

The G-20 was founded in 1999 in response to several world economic crises. Since 2008, it has convened at least once a year, with summits involving each members head of government or state, finance minister or foreign minister and other high-ranking officials. It represents the emergence of a newinstitutional world order. In 2023, G-20 were host by India under the Incumbent of Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.

12. Which of the following pairs is Incorrect regarding the special powers of the governors' of various states

Correct Answer: (b) Telangana - Separate development board for Rayalseema Region
Solution:

In Indian constitution, part 21 deal with temporary, transitional and special provision. Article 371-371 I the constitutions contain special provisions for eleven state that is Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Karnataka.
Under Article 371 the president is authorised to provide that the Governor of Maharashtra and that of Gujarat would have special responsibility for the establishment of separate development boards for Saurashtra, kutch and the rest of Gujarat.
• Under Article 371-B the president is empowered to provide for the creation of a committee of the Assam legislative assembly consisting of the members elected from the tribal areas of the state and such other of the state and such other members as he may specify.
• Article 371-C makes the following special provision for Manipur. The President is authorized to provide for the creation of a committee of the Manipur legislative assembly consisting of the member elected from the hill areas of the state. Thus, Telengana state has no special provision in the constitution.

13. Which among the following statements are correct regarding Post-Behaviouralism?

A. Substance must come before any consideration
B. Social change should be its motto
C. It pleads for the politicization of the professions
D. Techniques and quantification are most important.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) A, B and C only
Solution:

Post-behaviouralism is a modification of behaviorism. It make political science a value science. The Post-Behavioural approach is a future oriented approach which want to solve problem of both present and future. Some basic characteristics of Post-Behavioural approach are importance on action and relevance human problem oriented, qualitative and quantitative, concerned with regularities and irregularities. David Easton has mentioned about seven key features of Post-Behavioural that is also known as 'credo of relevance' –

• Substance must precede technique
• Emphasis on social change
• Emphasis on social problem solving
• Importance of values
• Role of intellectuals
• Action science
• Politicization of the professions/business.

14. Which of the following scholars observes various forms of Nehruvianism-militant Nehruvianism, 'classical Nehruvianism' and 'post-coldwar Nehruvianism'.

Correct Answer: (b) Stephen Cohen
Solution:

Stephen Cohen (1936-2019) was an American political scientist and professor of security studies. He was a prominent expert on India, Pakistan and South Asian security. Stephen Cohen observes various forms of Nehruvianisms that is militant Nehruvianism, classical Nehruvianism and post-cold war Nehruvianism.

His important books are –
• India : Emerging power
• The idea of Pakistan
• shooting for a century : The India - Pakistan conundrum.
• The Future of Pakistan.

15. Which one of the following is not listed in the classification of colonialism given by Nancy shoemaker?

Correct Answer: (d) Cultural Colonialism
Solution:

Nancy Shoemaker described twelve types of colonialism. These are-

16. According to Gandhi:

Correct Answer: (d) Ends and means are interrelated
Solution:

According to Mahatma Gandhi ends and means are interrelated. That is means and ends are the two sides of the same coin. They cannot be separated. Immoral means cannot be used to achieve moral ends. Gandhi adopted the path of satyagrah for achieving the goal of swaraj because this path was as sacred as it destination. Gandhian principle of close connection between ends and means is further reflected in his theory of relation between politics and ethics.

17. Who among the following said, "The concept of citizenship has gone out of fashion among political thinkers"?

Correct Answer: (b) Van Gunsteren
Solution:Van Gunsteren said, "The concept of citizenship has gone out of fashion among political thinkers."

18. Who called Nehru, Patel, Prasad and Azad as an oligarchy within constituent Assembly?

Correct Answer: (a) G. Austin
Solution:

There were two broad types of leadership in the constituent assembly (1) Political and (2) technical Because of the predominance of the congress party the political leadership naturally vested in its leaders. The top of this leadership consisted of Pandit J. L. Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Granville Austin calls the Nehru-Patel-Azad-Prasad team 'the oligarchy with constituent assembly.

19. Which of the followings are correct with regard to neorealism in International politics?

A. Internationalist anarchy necessarily tends towards tensions, conflicts and possibility of war
B. International anarchy results in a system of 'self-help'
C. Conflict is encouraged by the fact that states are primarily concerned about maintaining their position relative to other states
D. The security dilemma can be called as building up stores of military weapons for offensive purposes.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) A, B and C only
Solution:

Neorealism is also known as structural realism. It emphasizes the role of power politics in international relations, sees competition and conflict as enduring features and sees limited potential for cooperation. The anarchic state of the International system means that states can't be certain of the other states intentions and their security, thus prompting them to engage in power politics.
It was first outlined by Keneth Waltz in his book Theory of International Politics (1979). Neorealism tends towards tension, conflict and possibility of war in internationalist anarchy system. It results in a system of self-help and also encourage to conflict to other state. Thus, The security dilemma can be called as building up stores of military weapons for offensive purposes is incorrect with regard to neo-realism.

20. Who said that "It is better to suffer wrong than to do wrong."

Correct Answer: (b) Hannah Arendt
Solution:

Hannah Arendt said that "It is better to suffer wrong than to do wrong."
Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) important books –
• The origins of Totalitarianism (1951)
• The Human condition (1958)
• On Revolution (1963)
• Between post and Future (1954-68)
• Men in Dark Time (1968)
• Crises of the Republic (1972)