UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2023 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

Article 161 of the Indian constitution mentions the power of Governor to grant pardons, etc and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. It states that the Governor of a state, shall have the power to grant pardon, reprieve, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the state extends. When a convict has committed an offence against state law, the concerned punishment can be granted the pardon, reprieve, respite and remission by the governor of the state.

In the direct form of democracy, the electorate on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies. This differs from the majority of currently established democries, which are representative democracies. It is also known as pure democracy, main supporter are- Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill and G.D.H. Cole. Now a day, pure/direct democracy seen on Switzerland. It has 4 types of works these are recall, referendum, plebiscite and initiative.
The formal mode of people's participation in administration through recall, pressure groups & public opinion. Revolution is not part of people participation.

Frederick Herzberg - Two factor/Hygiene theory Book:
• The motivation to work - 1959
• Work and the Nature of Man - 1966.
The two factory theory is a concept that states the factors that affect an individual's satisfaction and Motivation, level.
These two factors are:
• Job satisfaction (affective/hygiene)
• Job dissatisfaction (Motivational)

The stages of economic development given by w.w. Rostow in 1960. The model postulates that economic modernization occurs in five basic stages of varying length.
That is:-
1- Traditional society
2- Preconditions for take - off
3- Take - off stage
4- Drive to maturity/Age of maturity
5- Age of High mass - consumption.
Rostow asserts that countries go through cach of these stages fairly linearly, and set out a number of conditions that were likely to occur in investment, consumption and social trends at each statc.
Thus, chronologically arrange arc- B, D, C, А
•Some important book of w.w. rostow are
•The stage of economic growth
•The dynamics of soviet society
•The process of economic growth
•The division of Europe after world war-I1: 1946
•Politics and the stages of growth
•Europe after stalin Asia:
•Rising or Falling?
•Open skies: Eisenhower's proposal
•Concept and controversy: sixty years of taking.

Suwanda H J Sugunasiri is a conadían academic, educator, Buddhist monk, authors, journalist and poet. He is founder of Nalanda college of Buddhist studies, in Toronto (canada).

The assumptions of Theory 'Y' is that integration of behaviour is the key process in management because Theory 'Y' result in the creation of condition conducive for the member to achieve their own goals by directing their efforts towards the sauces of the enterprise.
X and Y Theory - Exponent Douglas MeGregor famous behaviorist and psychologist. Book :- The Human side of enterprises (1960)

The Indian franchise committee also known as the Lothian committees was one of the expert committees, set at the conclusion of the second Round Table conference in London. The chairman of this committee is lord Lothian and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a member of it.
The purpose of the committee was to suggest an electoral roadmap for separate electorates and reserved seats for minorities, including the depressed class which were granted seventy-eight reserved seats.

Beijing consensus or china model in international development debates related to Chinese economic model. It is began to be instituted by Deng Xioping after Mao zedong's death in 1976. This politics are contributed to china's economic growth and eightfold growth in gross national product over two decades. The term 'Beijing Consensus' was coined by Joshua Cooper Ramo to frame china's economic development model as an alternative especially for developing countries.

Open skies agreement between India and USA was signed, in 2005, among the U.S. secretary of Transportation Norman Y. Mineta and Indian Civil Aviation Minister Praful Patel.
Open Skies Agreement :- Signed in 1992 but come into force on 1 January 2002, between the 34 countries. It is a program of unarmed aerial surveillance flight over the entire terriority of its participant countries.