UGC NET/JRF EXAM, JUNE-2025 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

Article 280 provides for the formation of a Finance Commission. The first Finance Commission was established in 1951 for a term of five years. The second Finance Commission was formed in 1956. The third Finance Commission was formed in 1960, and the fifth Finance Commission was formed in 1968. The 15th Finance Commission is currently in operation, headed by N.K. Singh.

The correct chronological order is:

The Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 is an act that regulates the commercial or professional use of certain symbols and names, especially when they are used in an inappropriate manner.

The Citizenship Act, 1955

The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act (1971) – This act prohibits the insult or desecration of the country's national symbols, including the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, national motto, Constitution, and map of India.

The Flag Code of India (2002) - is a collection of rules and regulations relating to the use, display, and hoisting of the national flag of India.

The State Emblems (Prevention of Improper Use) Act was passed in 2005.

In his book, Papers on the Science of Administration (1937), Luther Gulick proposed a fourstep principle for organizational building. It is as follows :-

The Monte Video Convention on the Rights and Duties of States is a treaty signed on December 26, 1933, in Monte Video, Uruguay, during the Seventh International Conference of American States. The Convention sets out four key criteria for statehood:
1. Permanent population
2. Well-defined territory
3. Effective government
4. Capacity to enter into relations with other states.

The idea of the Washington Consensus was proposed by British economist John Williamson in 1889. The Washington Consensus is a set of economic policy recommendations for developing countries, particularly in Latin America, that became popular in |the 1980s.

Much of Parliament's work is handled by committees of the House, known as Parliamentary Committees. There are 24 departmentally affiliated standing committees. According to Lok Sabha rules, the following are correct statements regarding parliamentary committees:

It functions under the direction of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha/Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
It is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha/Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
It has a secretariat provided by the Lok Sabha/Rajya Sabha Secretariat.

India and Her Problems, Modern India, and The Evils of Authoritarianism are the works of Swami Vivekananda. The Indian spiritual leader founded Advaita Vedanta through his works on Karma Yoga, Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Jnana Yoga.

India in Transition was written by Sh. N. Roy, and The Problem of Freedom was written by Thomas C. Holt.

The term ecology was first used by German biologist Ernst Haeckel, who used the term to describe the relationship of microscopic organisms to their environment.