UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, June-2025

Total Questions: 100

31. The concept of 'Sleeper effect' in communication was developed by:

Correct Answer: 1. Carl Hovland
Solution:The Sleeper Effect was developed through Carl Hovland's persuasion research at Yale University. It describes a situation where the impact of a persuasive message increases over time despite initially being weak or dismissed.

This happens because people gradually forget the low-credibility source but remember the message itself, causing delayed persuasion.

Hovland's experiments demonstrated that source credibility and message retention can separate over time, making the message more influential after the "sleeping period" than at the moment of exposure.

32. 'Go Red for Women' in the US was an awareness campaign for:

Correct Answer: 4. Heart disease in women
Solution:Go Red for Women is a major public health awareness campaign launched by the American Heart Association to educate women about the risks, symptoms, and prevention of heart disease.

It highlights that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women, often overlooked due to gender stereotypes and lack of awareness.

The campaign encourages lifestyle change, early screening, and recognizing warning signs unique to women, thereby empowering them to take control of their heart health.

33. Identify the world's oldest television broadcaster?

Correct Answer: 2. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Solution:The BBC, established in 1922, is considered the world's oldest national broadcaster and one of the first organizations to begin regular television service. It launched experimental TV broadcasts in the late 1920s and full public television service in 1936.

Its pioneering role in programming, public service broadcasting, and global news dissemination makes it the oldest television broadcaster, shaping broadcast history through innovati n and authoritative journalism.

34. Identify the concept which is central to the dominant paradigm of development:

Correct Answer: 3. Modernity
Solution:The dominant paradigm of development-particularly influential from the 1950s to the 1970s-was rooted in the belief that societies must modernize through industrialization, technological advancement, mass media expansion, and economic growth.

It assumes that traditional societies can progress by adopting modern values, institutions, and communication systems similar to Western nations.

Modernity is thus central to this paradigm, which prioritizes economic expansion, technological diffusion, centralized planning, and top-down communication strategies.

35. Who is the author of the book "How Prime Ministers Decide"?

Correct Answer: 1. Neerja Chowdhary
Solution:Neerja Chowdhary authored How Prime Ministers Decide, a detailed account of the decision-making styles, political strategies, and leadership approaches of multiple Indian prime ministers.

The book provides insider insights into critical national decisions, political challenges, and the personalities that shaped India's governance.

Through interviews, archival material, and analysis, Neerja Chowdhary presents how each prime minister navigated crises, alliances, and public expectations, making it a significant contribution to Indian political literature.

36. With whom did G. Marconi, the inventor of radio, share the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics?

Correct Answer: 4. Karl Ferdinand Braun
Solution:Guglielmo Marconi shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy.

While Marconi pioneered practical long-distance radio communication and commercialized wireless technology, Braun enhanced radio transmission by inventing the closed-circuit antenna system and improving` tuning techniques.

Their combined innovations laid the foundation for modern radio, broadcasting, and wireless communication systems, making the award a recognition of both theoretical advancement and practical application.

37. Payni Funds studies show a link between:

Correct Answer: 3. Movies and Social Aberrations
Solution:The Payne Fund Studies (commonly misspelled as Payni) were a series of influential research investigations conducted in the 1920s-30s to examine how motion pictures affected children and adolescents.

These studies explored the impact of film violence, crime, romance, and moral behavior on young viewers, concluding that movies could shape attitudes, emotions, and social behavior-sometimes negatively.

The findings sparked debates on censorship, moral development, and media effects, becoming foundational in media research and helping define early communication theories about media influence.

38. Who is the founder of the 'Time' magazine?

Correct Answer: 1. Henry Luce and Briton Hadden
Solution:Henry Luce and Briton Hadden founded Time magazine in 1923, revolutionizing news journalism by creating a weekly news digest that summarized national and international events in a concise, narrative-driven styie.

With Luce's vision and Hadden's editorial energy, Time quickly became a major American news magazine, known for its distinctive writing tone, influential cover stories, and interpretation-oriented journalism.

Their work helped establish modern magazine journalism and shaped public understanding of global affairs.

39. Which of the following is a recommendation of the Joshi Working Group for software for Doordarshan?

Correct Answer: 3. Creation of National Doordarshan Council
Solution:The Joshi Working Group on Software for Doordarshan recommended establishing a National Doordarshan Council to ensure autonomy, professionalism, and improved content quality.

The council was intended to function like an overseeing body to guide programming policies, safeguard editorial independence, and enhance creative diversity.

The committee emphasized reducing bureaucratic interference, improving regional content, encouraging independent producers, and creating a more dynamic and competitive broadcasting environment within Doordarshan

40. Who was the founder of Netflix?

Correct Answer: 4. Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph
Solution:Netflix was founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph as a DVD-by-mail rental service before evolving into the world's largest streaming platform.

Their innovation transformed how entertainment is distributed and consumed, later pioneering streaming technology, original content production, and algorithm-based personal recommendations.

This shift redefined global viewing habits and helped establish the era of on-demand digital media.