UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, June-2025

Total Questions: 100

51. Arrange in chronological order according to the year of launch, beginning from the first:

A. Facebook
B. Twitter
C. Instagram
D. YouTube
E. LinkedIn

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 1. E, A, D. B, C
Solution:LinkedIn (E) launched first in 2003 as a professional networking platform. Facebook (А) followed in 2004, quickly becoming a global social networking site. YouTube (D) launched in 2005 as the first major video-sharing platform.

Twitter (B) came next in 2006, introducing microblogging to the world. Instagram (C) launched much later in 2010, focusing on photo and video sharing.

This order reflects the actual timeline of the major social media platforms from early professional networking to modern multimedia sharing.

52. Arrange the steps of Public Relations process in sequential order:

A. Evaluating the Programme
B. Taking action and communicating
C. Defining PR Problem
D. Planning and Programming

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. C, D, B, А
Solution:The Public Relations process begins with Defining the PR Problem (C), where research and analysis identify the issue or opportunity. This is followed by Planning and Programming (D), where strategies, objectives, and tactics are designed.

Next comes Taking Action and Communicating (B), which involves executing the PR plan through media outreach, events, or campaigns.

Finally comes Evaluating the Programme (A), where the outcomes are measured to determine effectiveness, audience response, and future improvements. This sequence reflects the standard RACE model (Research → Action → Communication → Evaluation).

53. Arrange the following films in chronological order according to their release beginning from the first:

A. Pather Panchali
B. Aparajito
C. Charulata
D. Apur Sansar
E. Jalsaghar

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 1. A, B, E, D, C
Solution:Pather Panchali (A) was released in 1955 as the first film of Satyajit Ray's Apu Trilogy. Aparajito (B), the second part, followed in 1956.

Jalsaghar (E) came next in 1958, showcasing Ray's exploration of feudal decline. Apur Sansar (D), the trilogy's final film, was released in
1959.

Charulata (C) came later in 1964 and is considered one of Ray's finest works. This order reflects Ray's transition from the Apu Trilogy to his later masterpieces.

54. Arrange the following magazines ina chronological order according to their launching year beginning from the first:

A. Illustrated Weekly of India
B. India Today
C. Outlook
D. Film Fare
E. Frontline

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. А, D, B, E, C
Solution:Illustrated Weekly of India (A) is the oldest, launched in 1880 as a major English-language magazine. Filmfare (D) followed in 1952, becoming India's leading film magazine.

India Today (B) launched in 1975 as a major news magazine during India's Emergency period. Frontline (E) began in 1984 as a current affairs fortnightly.

Outlook (C) launched in 1995, entering India's competitive news magazine space. Therefore, the chronological order starts from colonial-era publications to modern political magazines.

55. Arrange the video editing software in chronological order of their development/ launch beginning from the first:

A. Adobe Premier Pro
B. Final Cut Pro
C. Pinnacle Studio
D. Avid Media Composure
E. Blender

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. D, E, C, B, A
Solution:Avid Media Composer (D), released in 1989, is the earliest professional non-linear editing system and transformed digital editing. Blender (E) began in 1998 as a 3D creation and animation tool, later expanding into video editing.

Pinnacle Studio (C) launched in 2000, offering consumer-friendly video editing. Final Cut Pro (B) was launched in 1999 but reached widespread recognition with major updates in the early 2000s.

Adobe Premiere Pro (A) launched in 2003 as the advanced successor to Adobe Premiere and became an industry standard. Thus, the correct timeline reflects the evolution from early professional editing systems to modern creative tools.

56. Which of the following statements are correct ?

A. The Chairman of the first Press Commission was M. Chalapati Rao
B. The Press Council of India was established in 1966
C. The Chairman of the re-constituted Second Press Commission was Justice Rajyadhyaksha
D. The Indian federation of working journalists was established in October 1950 in New Delhi
E. The Second Press Commission submitted its report in 1980

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. B, D only
Solution:The Press Council of India was indeed established in 1966 (B), functioning as a statutory body to preserve press freedom and maintain journalistic standards.

The Indian Federation of Working Journalists was founded in October 1950 in New Delhi (D), becoming one of the earliest national-level journalist unions.

Statement A is incorrect because the Chairman of the First Press Commission (1952-54) was Justice J.S. Rajadhyaksha-not M. Chalapathi Rao. Statement Cis also incorrect because the Chairman of the Second Press Commission (1978–82) was Justice

K.K. Mathew, not Rajadhyaksha. Statement E is incorrect as the Second Press Commission submitted its report in 1982, not 1980. Therefore, only B and D are correct.

57. According to Wimmer and Dominick, a good research hypothesis should meet which of the following criteria?

A. It should contest current knowledge in the area
B. It should follow logical consistency
C. It should be in its most parsimonious form
D. It should be testable
E. It should be compatible with current knowledge in the area

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. В, С, D, E only
Solution:Wimmer and Dominick state that a good hypothesis must follow logical consistency (В), meaning it should flow rationally from theory and prior observations. It should be parsimonious (C), using the simplest possible wording without unnecessary complexity.

It must be testable (D), meaning it can be empirically verified or falsified using measurable variables. It must also be compatible with existing knowledge (E), meaning it should align with established theory unless specifically challenging it.

Statement A is not always required, because hypotheses do not need to contest existing knowledge; many confirm and refine it. Hence, B, C, D, and E are the correct criteria.

58. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. Digital Rights Management is a mixture of legal and technological tools.
B. International Telecommunication Union is responsible for ensuring free flow of information among countries.
C. Bit Torrent is an open source protocol for exchange of files.
D. Net Neutrality is a level playing field for all users of Internet for accessing information and entertainment.
E. Neutral Network provides limited access to application and services.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. A, C, D only
Solution:Digital Rights Management (A) uses both legal restrictions and technological systems to control how digital content is accessed and shared. BitTorrent (C) is indeed an open-source peerto-peer protocol for transferring files efficiently across networks.

Net Neutrality (D) is correct because it ensures that all internet users have equal, non-discriminatory access to content and services.

Statement B is incorrect because the International Telecommunication Union does not ensure "free flow of information"; it sets global telecommunication standards.

Statement E is incorrect because a "neutral network" allows open, unrestricted access, not limited access. Thus, A, C, and D are correct.

59. Identify the correct option of publications on which Khasa Subba Rao served as a journalist/Editor:

A. Free Press Journal, National Herald
B. Indian Express, Swatantra
C. Forward, Bombay Chronicle
D. Swarajya, Free Press Journal
E. Swarajya, Indian Express

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. B, D, E only
Solution:Khasa Subba Rao had major journalistic and editorial associations with Indian Express, Swatantra, Swarajya, and the Free Press Journal, making these options the accurate combinations of his career links.

He served in senior editorial positions at the Indian Express and was closely connected with the nationalist weekly Swatantra, which he helped shape.

He also played a significant role in Swarajya, both in its early daily edition and in its later influential weekly form, reflecting his deep involvement in political and ideological journalism.

His connection with the Free Press Journal is also well established through his early professional work. In contrast, options involving National Herald, Forward, or Bombay Chronicle do not have sufficiently strong or historically documented editorial roles.

Therefore, the combination B (Indian Express, Swatantra), D (Swarajya, Free Press Journal), and E (Swarajya, Indian Express) correctly represents his authentic professional associations.

60. Which of the following is/are non-random sampling techniques?

A. Systematic sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Convenience sampling
D. Purposive sampling
E. Quota sampling

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. C, D, E only
Solution:Convenience sampling (C), purposive sampling (D), and quota sampling (E) are all non-random (non-probability) techniques, because they rely on researcher judgment or accessibility rather than random selection.

Systematic sampling (A) and cluster sampling (B) are probability sampling methods, as they involve structured or random selection mechanisms. Therefore, the correct set of non-random techniques is C, D, and E.