UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, June-2025

Total Questions: 100

71. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. UPI is a news agency based in the United States.
B. The news agency of China is Xinhua.
C. ANI is based in Germany.
D. AP is the news agency based in France.
E. Reuters is a news agency based in London.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, C, D only
2. В, С, E only
3. C, D, E only
4. A, B, E only

Correct Answer: 4. A, B, E only

Solution:United Press International (UPI) (A) is indeed a major news agency based in the United States. Xinhua (B) is the official state news agency of China, headquartered in Beijing.

Reuters (E), founded in 1851, is based in London and remains one of the world's most influential global news agencies.

ANI (C) is incorrect because Asian News International is based in India, not Germany. AP (D), or Associated Press, is incorrect because it is based in the United States, not France. Hence, A, B, and E are correct.

72. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. Mass media are more agents of reenforcement than casual agents of behaviour and attitude change.
B. The task of mass media is to accelerate social transformation.
C. A uniform development strategy works in all circumstances.
D. The mass media are both an index and agent of modernization in societies.
E. Spirit of modernity is an essential prerequisite for economic growth.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, В, D, E only
2. A. B. C, D only
3. A. C. D, E 4. only
4. A. B. C, D, E

Correct Answer: 1. A, В, D, E only

Solution:Mass media traditionally act more as agents of reinforcement (A), supporting existing attitudes rather than drastically altering them. They also play a role in accelerating social transformation (B) by spreading new ideas, values, and knowledge widely.

They serve as both indicators and agents of modernization (D), reflecting modern cultural patterns while also promoting them.

The idea that modernity is essential for economic growth (E) aligns with classical modernization theory.

However, a uniform development strategy does not work in all circumstances (C) because development varies across cultures, economies, and political contexts. Therefore A, B, D, and E are correct.

73. Identify the correct statements from the following:

A. Social shaping of technologies claim that technologies are continuously re-made by the things users do with them
B. Technological determinism proposes that technology have no power to drive human action and social change
C. The limited effect approach suggests that media has direct and uniform influence on audiences
D. The cultivation analysis suggests that media distort the world view of audiences
E. The uses and gratification approach argues that audience actively select media context they use to gratify their selected needs

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, D, E only
2. A, D, E only
3. C, D, E only
4. B, C, D only

Correct Answer: 2. A, D, E only

Solution:Social shaping of technology (A) argues that technologies evolve based on how users adopt and adapt them, meaning people actively shapе technological development.

Cultivation analysis (D) states that long-term exposure to media, especially television, can distort an individual's worldview-often making it more violent or fearful.

Uses and Gratifications (E) holds that audiences actively choose media content to satisfy their needs, motivations, and desires. Statement B is incorrect because technological determinism claims the opposite: technology drives social change.

Statement C is incorrect because the limited-effects model asserts that media influence is minimal and mediated, not direct or uniform. Thus, A, D, and E are correct.

74. Which of the following statements about Internet are correct?

A. It is an international network of computer networks
B. The Networks are mostly private in nature
C. It can be accessed from anywhere through internet service provider
D. It is open on an international scale which makes it difficult to protect from hackers and viruses
E. It is only a part of world wide web

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, C, D only
2. A, B, C only
3. A, B, D onl
4. B, C, D only

Correct Answer: 1. A, C, D only

Solution:The Internet is an international network of interconnected computer networks (A), making it a global communication infrastructure. It is
accessible from anywhere through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) (C), enabling global connectivity.

Since it is open and globally distributed, it faces security challenges, making protection from hackers and viruses difficult (D). Statement B is incorrect because the Internet includes public, private, governmental, and academic networks-not "mostly private."

Statement E is incorrect because the Internet is much larger than the World Wide Web; the Web is only one service operating on the Internet. Therefore, A, C, and D are correct.

75. Which of the following are web conferencing platforms?

A. Google Meet
B. Microsoft Teams
C. Webex
D. Zoom
E. Twitter

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. В, C, D only
2. A, D, E only
3. A, B, C, D only
4. A, B, C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 3. A, B, C, D only

Solution:Google Meet (A), Microsoft Teams (B), Webex (C), and Zoom (D) are all established web conferencing platforms used for online meetings, webinars, and virtual collaboration.

Twitter (E) is a social networking and microblogging platform, not a web conferencing service. Therefore, the correct set of web conferencing platforms is А, B, C, and D.

76. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Media)	LIST-II (Ownership)
A. Fox News	III. Rupert Murdoch
B. Newline Cinema	II. Warner Brothers
C. Viacom	IV. Paramount Pictures
D. ABC	I. Walt Disney Company

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
3. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
4. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

Correct Answer: 2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

Solution:Fox News is owned by Rupert Murdoch (III( through his media group. New Line Cinema is a film studio under Warner Brothers (II).

Viacom is associated with Paramount Pictures (IV), as Paramount Global is the parent entity. AВС (American Broadcasting Company) is owned by Walt Disney Company (I), making this matching set fully accurate according to global media ownership structures.

77. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Works/Books)	LIST-II (Authors)
A. The structural transformation of the public sphere	I. Ithiel de Sola Pool
B. Technologies of freedom	II. Altheide and Snow
C. Media logic	III. R. Picard
D. Democratic socialist theory of the press	IV. Jurgen Habermas

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
3. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
4. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

Correct Answer: 2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Solution:The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere was written by Jürgen Habermas (IV), a foundational text in communication theory.

Technologies of Freedom was authored by Ithiel de Sola Pool (I), exploring communication technologies and liberties.

Media Logic was introduced by Altheide and Snow (II), focusing on how media formats shape social reality.

The Democratic Socialist Theory of the Press aligns with R. Picard (III), who analyzed press systems in economic and political contexts. Thus, IV, I, II, III is the correct mapping.

78. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Scholars)	LIST-II (Works)
A. Richard Hoggart	I. The Practice of Everyday Life
B. John Tomlinson	II. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
C. Michelde Cretau	III. Media Modernization
D. Erving Goffman	IV. The Uses of Literacy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
2. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
3. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
4. A-I, B-II, C-III, D IV

Correct Answer: 2. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Solution:Richard Hoggart authored The Uses of Literacy (IV), a classic in cultural studies. John Tomlinson is linked to Media Modernization (III), examining globalization and media influence.

Michel de Certeau wrote The Practice of Everyday Life (I), analyzing everyday cultural practices. Erving Goffman authored The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (II), focusing on social interaction and identity. This sequence correctly pairs scholars with their widely recognized works.

79. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Authors)	LIST-II (Works)
A. Ferguson Marjorie	I. Media, Gender and Identity
B. Farnsworth Philo T	II. The limits of interpretation
C. Eco Umberto	III. Image dissector
D. Gauntlett David	IV. The Cult of Femininity

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
2. А-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
3. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Correct Answer: 1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Solution:Marjorie Ferguson is known for The Cult of Femininity (IV), analyzing gender stereotypes in media. Philo T. Farnsworth is associated with the Image Dissector (III), an early television camera tube he invented.

Umberto Eco wrote The Limits of Interpretation (II), a major work in semiotics and literary theory. David Gauntlett authored Media, Gender and Identity (I), exploring media's role in shaping modern identity. This set correctly aligns authors with their significant contributions.

80. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Institutions)	LIST-II (Purpose)
A. Lalit Kala Academy	I. Promotes Performing (Music, song and drama) Art in India
B. Sangeet Natak Academy	II. Promotes and Propagates understanding of Indian Fine Art
C. Sahitya Academy	III. Developing Indian Literature
D. National School of Drama	IV. Promotes Indian Theatre and Allied Art

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
2. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
3. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

Solution:Lalit Kala Academy (A) promotes and propagates the understanding of Indian fine arts (II), focusing on painting, sculpture, and visual arts.

Sangeet Natak Academy (B) promotes performing arts such as music, dance, and drama (I), making it India's premier performing arts institution.

Sahitya Academy (C) develops Indian literature (III), supporting writers and literary traditions. National School of Drama (D) promotes Indian theatre and allied arts (IV), functioning as the top training institution for dramatic arts. Hence, the correct match is A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV.