UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication & Journalism, June-2020

Tear-out is associated with future reference for a newspaper or any journal. Supplements refer to specialized content pages, just like we have HT City from Hindustan Times and Delhi Times from Times of India.

Second, we have Pseudo-event, which is related to the practice of Public Relations as only a department or a single PR executive or agency executes the responsibility of maintaining PR with outside world or outside of the company while other departments in the company don't have to do anything,

simple, such is an imaginary event or a pseudo-event. Name Calling is term associated with propaganda, which is to highlight some person or brand or event, in such a way that certain set objectives get satisfied and achieved.

Finally, in Media and PR, the term Grapevine refers to informal communication as info travels through informal channels which are known as grapevine and it can be any type of news, rumour and even gossip which travels through such channels.

Histograph makes use frequency distribution or a graphical representation which arranges data points into ranges which are specified by user.

Now, in case of Lorenzo Curve, such is a pictorial portrayal of info, such as inequality in income or in wealth, and was developed initially by American economist Max Lorenz in 1905 and it thus uses two Quantitative variables.

Finally, in case of Pie Chart, we are shown component parts which comprise of a larger share in a given system or in a given bigger block.

In other words, such is a statistical graphical way of info, which is circular in shape and is divided into slices that equal numerical proportion.

Needless to say but in pie chart, the length of the arc in each slice and so its central angle and area is proportional to quantity that is represented by it.

Secondly, we have Thomas Archer was in London, England and along with Nicholas Bourne, Butter published a stream of announcements, in 1621.

Now in USA, we have Benjamin Harris, who moved to USA during British rule over America around 1690s and published New England Primer and edited first multipage newspaper there.

Finally, in case of India, we have James Augustus Hicky who was an Irishman and founded the first printed newspaper in India which was called Hicky's Bengal Gazette in 1780.

Second comes Pravo which is a prestigious newspaper from Russia, though internet shows it to be from Czechoslovakia, it has been in service for the past 30 years, since 1991, with a massive circulation of around 112,000 copies.

Next we have National Observer, which is a reputed news magazine from Australia which was initiated in 1988 and was a quarterly magazine publishing a wide variety of right wing articles and news events coverage.

It later changed into an. online format but from 2012 onwards, no trace of this magazine so far. Finally, we The Economist, which is hailed to have been started in 1843 and based in London,

this is a newspaper magazine with offices in US and middle east to cover the latest taking place in field of economy and finance.

Then, there was Gulabi Talkies, which was released in 2008 with Umashree, Krishna Murthy and M.D. Pallavi in lead roles and this movie too bagged many awards.

Now, we have Ghattashraddha, which was released in 1977 and had Meena Kuttappa, Narayana Bhat, Ajith Kumar in lead roles and many awards came its way too while in 2002, this was the only film to be selected by National Archive of Paris when they celebrated cinema.

Deweepa is a 2002 movie directed by Girish Kasaravalli with Soundarya and Avinash in lead roles and this movie too, went on to win 2 national film awards, 4 Karnataka State Film awards, 3 Filmfare Awards from South.

Finally, we have movie Koormavathara, which is a 2011 Kannada drama film starring Jayanthi, Shikariapura Krishnamurthy and Apporva Kasaravalli.

The story is about government executive who is taken in a play to Portray Gandhiji and as the time passes, he realizes it is easier to play the role of Gandhiji than to implement his principles.

The movie attracted many awards and acclaims from around the world and was screened in 17 film festivals.

Next, we have The Achieving Society, which is a book by David McClelland who is a Harvard university professor and the book was published in 1961.

Finally, we have Mass Media and National Development, which is a book by Wilbur Schramm, published in 1964, the book digs deep into the role of supreme and free flowing information systems and explored ways in which mass media could play a vital role in the refining social and economic development.

Second, we have All India Newspaper Editor's Conference, its idea was perceived around 1931, when The Press (emergency powers) Act was passed and provincial governments were given right to censor news about freedom struggle.

Then, we have Indian Language Newspapers Association, this was founded in 1941 just before a control was planned on newsprint during the WW-II.

Finally, Advertising Agencies Association was set up in 1945 which is national organization of agencies in advertising industry and the major aim has been to safeguard and promote the interest of this industry.

Today, not only big and widespread but also medium sized and small advertising agencies have been its core member and voice their concerns across the vertical. The advertising agencies want to continue to render significant and impressive contribution to India.

Such is regarded as the most impassioned philosophical description related to freedom of speech in history.

The Licensing Act of 1737, such is regarded as the most significant event in history of theatres and is a defunct Act of Parliament in Great Britain.

The objective was to put a control over and censor the statements and narratives in theatres about British government. Later, this act was sent into modification when Theatres Act of 1843 was rolled out.

Virginia Bill of Rights, this was drafted in 1776 to declare the innate rights of men which also included the right to reform or abolish government which would be deemed "inadequate".

Later, such make its pressure and appeal felt in a lot of later documents which also included United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and United States Bill of Rights (1789).

Finally, First Amendment to the US constitution 1791, which was also regarded as Amendment I, put a hold on government to make laws which regulate any religion and its establishment

or that would discourage the free exercise of religion or would abridge the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, or the right to give petition to the government for addressing grievances.

Truly, the newspaper was a major tool for dissemination of news and info across the horizon and to keep pressure on British government too in India.

Swarajya, this was basically a magazine which was started in 1956 by prominent journalist K Subba Rao and was patronized by C. Rajagopalchari, because of whose efforts Swantarta Party was established.

Today, the magazine is considered to be tilted towards right wing and is also accessible online too.

The publication reports are found to be in praise to BJP and scores of news are found to be misreported by this magazine, as per factchecking websites including ALT News. Forward, is again a 19th century newspaper founded in 1897,

which was earlier known as The Jewish Daily Forward and caters to Jewish American community. As of 2016, its print format underwent a change and was made monthly magazine from a bi-weekly newspaper.

Now, it has gone digital too, with headquarters at New York, America. Finally, we have a Free Press Journal, which is English language newspaper being published daily in India from the city of Mumbai,

that was founded in 1928 by Swaminathan Sadanand who was also its first editor. It was initially produced to supplement a news agency, i.e. Free Press of India and such was a staunch supporter of Independence movement in India.