UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication & Journalism, October-2022*

Total Questions: 100

11. Who was called as the Liberator of the Indian Press?

Correct Answer: B. Charles Metcalfe
Solution:John Adams introduced the Licensing Regulation Act in the year 1823. The main objective of the act was to suppress the Indian Newspaper by introducing compulsory licensing. Charles Metcalfe repealed the act in the year 1835 and got the title "The Liberator of the Indian Press".

12. Who refers to the views of 'Vyadi'?

Correct Answer: D. Patanjali

13. The techniques of Propaganda is:

Correct Answer: C. Evasion of truth
Solution:The techniques of propaganda are evasion of truth. Propaganda is the more or less systematic effort to manipulate other people's beliefs, attitudes, or actions by means of symbols (words, gestures, banners, monuments, music, clothing, insignia, hairstyles, designs on coins and postage stamps, and so forth).

Deliberateness and a relatively heavy emphasis on manipulation distinguish propaganda from casual conversation or the free and easy exchange of ideas. Propagandists have a specified goal or set of goals.

To achieve these, they deliberately select facts, arguments, and displays of symbols and present them in ways they think will have the most effect.

To maximize effect, they may omit or distort pertinent facts or simply lie, and they may try to divert the attention of the reactors (the people they are trying to sway) from everything but their own propaganda.

14. The Term Graphic design was coined in 1922 by book designer:

Correct Answer: C. William Addison Dwiggins
Solution:The evolution of graphic design as a practice and profession has been closely bound to technological innovations, societal needs, and the visual imagination of practitioners.

Graphic design has been practiced in various forms throughout history; indeed, strong examples of graphic design date back to manuscripts in ancient China, Egypt, and Greece.

As printing and book production developed in the 15th century, advances in graphic design developed alongside it over subsequent centuries, with compositors or typesetters often designing pages as they set the type.

In the late 19th century, graphic design emerged as a distinct profession in the West, in part because of the job specialization process that occurred there, and in part because of the new technologies and commercial possibilities brought about by the Industrial Revolution.

New production methods led to the separation of the design of a communication medium (e.g., a poster) from its actual production. Increasingly, over the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advertising agencies,

book publishers, and magazines hired art directors who organized all visual elements of the communication and brought them into a harmonious whole,

creating an expression appropriate to the content. In 1922 typographer William Addison Dwiggins coined the term graphic design to identify the emerging field.

15. Fundamental Rights of Indian Constitution was adopted from_____.

Correct Answer: B. U.S. Constitution
Solution:The makers of the Constitution have borrowed several features from other constitutions of the world. The model for Fundamental Rights in India has been taken from the Constitution of the USA.

Fundamental rights are basic rights provided to the people in order to live with dignity and integrity. They are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution.

16. Indian Penal Code came in force in the year:

Correct Answer: C. 1860
Solution:The first draft of the Indian Penal Code was prepared by the First Law Commission, chaired by Thomas Babington Macaulay.

The draft was based on the simple codification of the law of England, while at the same time borrowing elements from the Napoleanic Code and Louisiana Civil Code of 1825.

The first draft of the Code was presented before the Governor-General in council in the year 1837, but subsequent revisions and amendments took two more decades.

The complete drafting of the code was done in 1850 and presented to the Legislative Council in 1856. It was delayed being placed on the statute book of British India due to the Indian Revolt of 1857.

The code came into force on January 1st, 1860 after undergoing many revisions and amendments by Barnes Peacock who would go on to serve as the first Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court.

The Indian Penal Code is the official criminal code of the Republic of India. It is a complete code intended to cover all aspects of criminal law.

It came into force in 1862 in all British Presidencies, although it did not apply to the Princely states, which had their own courts and legal systems. Before the advent of the British, the penal law prevailing in India, for the most part, was the Muhammedan law.

For the first few years of its administration, the East India Company did not interfere with the criminal law of the country and although in 1772, during the administration of Warren Hastings,

the Company for the first time interfered, and henceforth till 1861, from time to time, the British Government did alter the Muhammedan law, yet up to 1862, when the Indian Penal Code came into operation,

the Muhammedan law was undoubtedly the basis of the criminal law excepting in the presidency towns. The epoch of the administration of Muslim criminal law in India extended for a considerable period and has even supplied many terms for the vocabulary of Indian law.

17. Section ______. of Copyright Act allows author to his exclusive rights for his intellectual property.

Correct Answer: A. 57
Solution:Section 57 of the Copyright Act, 1957 provides for authors 'special rights'. An author even after assignment either wholly or partially of its copyrighted work shall enjoy these special rights. These special rights include:

1. The right to claim authorship of the work also known as the Right of paternity.
2. To restrain or claim damages in respect of any distortion, mutilation, modification, or other act in relation to the authors work if such distortion, mutilation, modification is prejudicial to the authors honour or reputation, also known as the Right of integrity.

18. What is Paparazi?

Correct Answer: C. To follow any person or celebrity
Solution:Paparazzi are independent photographers who take pictures of high-profile people; such as actors, musicians, athletes, politicians, and other celebrities, typically while subjects go about their usual life routines.

Paparazzi tend to make a living by selling their photographs to media outlets that focus on tabloid journalism and sensationalism (such as gossip magazines).

19. A variable that can take on any value over a range of values and can be meaningfully broken into sub parts, known as:

Correct Answer: C. Continuous Variable
Solution:Continuous variable is described as an unbroken set of observations; that can be measured on a scale. It can take any numeric value, within a finite or infinite range of possible value. Statistically, range refers to the difference between highest and lowest observation.

The continuous variable can be broken down into fractions and decimal, i.e. it can be meaningfully subdivided into smaller parts according to the measurement precision. For Example: Age, height or weight of a person, time taken to complete a task, temperature, time, money, etc.

20. What is 'Page three publicity'?

Correct Answer: B. Celebrities News published on page no. 3 of newspaper.
Solution:The 'Page 3' culture has adopted from the British tabloid newspaper 'The Sun'. The first feature appeared in November 1970 to print a large photograph of a glamour model.

This page is also known as the celebrity pages. It is a reflection between the media and the celebrities. It covers entertainment news, games,

the life of celebrities, horoscope, cooking recipes, fashion, gossip, models, etc. Young stars of society are the main focus of this news. Therefore, In the context of journalism, 'Page 3' news includes soft stories on the social and personal lives of celebrities and stars.