UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication & Journalism,June-2019*

Total Questions: 100

61. Ferdinand de Saussure divided language into:

Correct Answer: D. langue and parole
Solution:Langue (French, meaning “language”) and parole (meaning “speaking”) are linguistic terms distinguished by Ferdinand de Saussure in his Course in General Linguistics.

Langue encompasses the abstract, systematic rules and conventions of a signifying system; it is independent of, and pre-exists, individual users.

Langue involves the principles of language, without which no meaningful utterance, “parole”, would be possible. Parole refers to the concrete instances of the use of langue.

This is the individual, personal phenomenon of language as a series of speech acts made by a linguistic subject. Saussure did not concern himself overly with parole; however, the structure of langue is revealed through the study of parole.

The distinction is similar to that made about language by Wilhelm von Humboldt, between energeia (active doing) and ergon (the product of that doing), as well as the distinction between language and speech made by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay.

Saussure drew an analogy to chess to explain the concept of langue and parole. He compared langue to the rules of chess—the norms for playing the game—and compared the moves that an individual chooses to make—the individual’s preferences in play making—to the parole.

62. Laissez faire doctrine is associated with which of the following normative theories?

Correct Answer: B. Libertarian theory
Solution:Laissez faire doctrine is associated with Libertarian theory. Laissez-faire is an economic theory from the 18th century that opposed any government intervention in business affairs.

The driving principle behind laissez-faire, a French term that translates as “leave alone” (literally, “let you do”), is that the less the government is involved in the economy, the better off business will be—and, by extension, society as a whole.

Laissez-faire economics are a key part of free market capitalism. The policy of laissez-faire received strong support in classical economics as it developed in Great Britain under the influence of the philosopher and economist Adam Smith.

Later in the 20th century, the notion of laissez-faire was revived by the school of monetarism, whose leading exponent was the American economist Milton Friedman.

Monetarists advocated carefully controlled increases in the rate of growth of the money supply as the best means of achieving economic stability.

The 20th-century British economist John Maynard Keynes was a prominent critic of laissez-faire economics, and he argued that the question of market solution versus government intervention needed to be decided on a case-by-case basis.

63. The Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity (DAVP) is merged with:

Correct Answer: A. Bureau of Outreach and Communication
Solution:Bureau of Outreach and Communication (BOC) was set up on 8th December, 2017 by integration of erstwhile Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity (DAVP), Directorate of Field Publicity (DFP) and Song & Drama Division (S&DD).

The Bureau aims at providing a 360 degrees communication solutions to the Ministries/ Departments/ Public Sector Undertaking/s/ Autonomous Bodies. It acts as an advisory body to government on media strategy.

64. The famous Bollywood actor who led a discussion after every episode of 'Hum Log' is:

Correct Answer: D. Ashok Kumar
Solution:

Hum Log is an Indian television’s first soap opera and also the first serial drama series on India’s national network on Doordarshan on 7 July 1984, then the only television channel of India. It is the story of an Indian middle-class family of the 1980s and their daily struggles and aspirations.

It was created on the lines of a Mexican television series, Ven Conmigo (1975), using the education-entertainment methodology. The idea of the TV series came to then Information and Broadcasting Minister, after a Mexican trip in 1982, Vasant Sathe.

Soon the idea for Hum Log was developed in collaboration with writer Manohar Shyam Joshi, who scripted the series, and filmmaker, P. Kumar Vasudev, who went on direct the series. The title score was composed by music director Anil Biswas.

At the end of every episode, veteran Hindi film actor Ashok Kumar discussed the ongoing story and situations with the audience using Hindi couplets and limericks.

In later episodes, introduced the actors who played various characters in the serial and his monologue with the various Indian language versions of the words “Hum Log”.

65. Assertion (A): The growth of magazines is a historical phenomenon all over the world.

Reason (R) : Readers' loyalty always fluctuated in selecting a particular magazine for reading.

Choose the appropriate option from the following:

Correct Answer: C. (A) is true, but (R) is false

66. Which one among the following media houses first published the investigative coverage of Panama papers?

Correct Answer: A. The Statesman
Solution:The Statesman Media House first published the investigative coverage of Panama Papers. The Panama Papers are provoking a tsunami of reaction on social media and on headlines across the globe.

The impact ranges from debates among readers, to officials at the center of stories, to governments, prosecutors and law enforcement authorities.

In just two days, the Panama Papers have incited anger and street protests, conspiracy theories and denunciations, and launched government investigations and potential prosecutions.

The project was kicked off by a data leak from a Panama-based offshore services provider called Mossack Fonseca.

The documents were received by the German newspaper Suddeutsche Zeitung and shared by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) with the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP).

67. Assertion (A): The surveillance function confirms the tribal nature of news.

Reason (R) : It is against the dominant rituals of our lives.

Choose the appropriate option from the following:

Correct Answer: C. (A) is true, but (R) is false

68. The Dependista model of development communication is basically:

Correct Answer: A. ideological

69. The process of moving from theoretical definition of concepts to numerical representation of these concepts into variables is called:

Correct Answer: C. operationalisation
Solution:The process of moving from theoretical definition of concepts to numerical representation of these concepts into variables is called operationalisation.

Once a theoretical construct is defined, exactly how do we measure it? Operationalization refers to the process of developing indicators or items for measuring theoretical constructs.

For example, if an unobservable theoretical construct such as socioeconomic status is defined as the level of family income, it can be operationalized using an indicator that asks respondents the question:

what is your annual family income? Given the high level of subjectivity and imprecision inherent in most social science constructs, we tend to measure most of those constructs (except a few demographic constructs such as age, gender, education, and income) using multiple indicators.

This process allows us to examine the closeness amongst these indicators as an assessment of their accuracy (reliability).

70. Which of the following variables can be counted in specific output analysis?

Correct Answer: D. Footfalls in an event
Solution:Footfalls in an event can be counted in specific output analysis. Footfall also, known as people counting, refers to the number of individuals who walk into a retail store. Footfall counting is achieved through the use of systems to track the number of people in retail. Footfall counting benefits include:

Optimizing sales and Conversions

Analyzing sales data and traffic will enable the business determine the number of sales lost; this might be as a result of poor customer service, long queues, or inappropriate product listing. The information can be used to improve in those areas so that sales are optimized.

Improved In-store Operation

Footfall count information can help in restocking of merchandise, staff shift allocation, and improvement of customer service, which are vital for constant growth.

Distribution of more staffs in high traffic areas and shift allocation can be done depending on how many customers are in the store at a particular time.

Measure the Effectiveness of New Ad Campaigns and Promotions

Retailers engage in Ad campaigns and promotions to increase sales. This is useful in monitoring and comparing the success of various advertisements and ads across different categories and stores.

Enhanced Customer Service

Footfall counting benefits include giving insights on high traffic areas, which is useful in rectifying store layout and display to provide friction-less customer experience.

Tailor Staff Schedules According to Footfall Patterns

Staff planning and positioning are critical to improving retail operation. Analytical data from people counting in retail will determine the time the store has most customers and areas with massive traffic in the retail so that the retail management can allocate staff schedules and also position staffs better.

Analysis of footfall counters is critical in understanding your store requirements. Making good use of people counting in retail data to meet customer requirement will significantly increase your sales.