UGC NET/JRF EXAM, (Paper-II) Dec.-2022 POLITICAL SCIENCE (SHIFT II)

Public policy in India is in a state of flux. The nature of the policy process has changed dramatically with an increasing role of different actors, both locally and globally. A case is made to listen to the multiple voices that are emerging in governance processes; it is argued that it is necessary to create a space for dialogue among civil society and citizens.
The demand for stronger links between research and policy has grown, as much as efforts to mainstreaming public policy education to professionalize the bureaucracу.
emphasis to industrialization and urbanization. In this system, because the doors of business are open to the whole would; multinational corporations start spreading their net and the entire market of developing countries is filled with foreign products.
Consequently, the domestic production of that country lags. If the scale of development is to be talked about, then the level of development is measured based on gross national production and national income.
While measuring them, those persons are not considered whose income and employment are at the lowest levels in the society. Actually, this model works to create a gap in the state, in which there is a rich class on one side and on the other, a section whose own minimum requirements are not met.
Definitely, this model talks about the development of the person at the economic, political, and social levels, but it keeps the 'survival of the fittest' in the center. In such a way, the holistic development of a person is impossible.
Which of the following is an obstacle to freedom of individual according to the liberalist model of development.

A. Free-Market Economy/
B. Individual freedom
C. Belief in rationality of human being
D. State-controlled Economy
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. It willcreate disparity between rich and poor
B. Concentration of wealth in the hands of few
C. It will create social discrimination
D. It will strengthen civil society organizations
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Statement I: Maximum intervention of state is needed for economic development.
Statement II: Maximum production is essential for development.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Statement I: Liberalist model regards economic development as the precondition for individual development.
Statement II: The liberalist model does not developing countries, as they feel it will be a source of neo-colonial control of developed countries
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Public policy in India is in a state of flux. The nature of the policy process has changed dramatically with an increasing role of different actors, both locally and globally. A case is made to listen to the multiple voices that are emerging in governance processes; it is argued that it is necessary to create a space for dialogue among civil society and citizens.
The demand for stronger links between research and policy has grown, as much as efforts to mainstreaming public policy education to professionalize the bureaucracу.
New discourses have emerged that shape policy choices. Several discourses have been nevertheless reduced to status of rhetoric and cliché.
Emerging demographic trends at the national level-such as urbanization and environmental trends at the global level, such as climate change have redefined the contours of public policy and governance, posing new challenges for policy formulation as well as engendering debates on appropriate forms of governance.
Governance refers to all manners of exercising control and authority in the allocation of resources. Governance issues are thus closely tied to the processes and mechanisms through which people access resources. However, the extent to which they have improved the control of resource users, remains a moot question.
Often, this has been a question of efforts at changing control relation between the state and civil society; while policies have succeeded in creating management capacity at lower levels. The gap between 'governance' and 'government' is understood to have widened in the Indian context, as well as globally. Actors other than the state have come to acquire a greater role in the exercise of control and authority in the allocation of resources.
The locus of policy making has moved from the state to other actors; markets and civil society have created greater space for themselves. State authority has been diluted by a greater influence of other actors, both at local and global levels.
New discourses such as those of neo-liberalism and good governance have altered the relationships between state, markets and civil society. While the discourse of neoliberalism was founded on the narrative of the inefficient state, the neoliberal paradigm evoked criticisms on account of the exclusion of the poor from the provision of service delivery.
The Gap between Governance and Government has widened due t0.........

A. Issues of urbanization and environmental debates
B. Debates on forms of governance
C. Status of rhetoric and cliché
D. Strengthening of state autonomy
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion (A): Public policy education is necessary to professionalize the bureaucracy. Reason (R): Public policy education needs strong links between research and policy making process.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion (A): Non-Liberal paradigm was founded on the narrative of the inefficient state. Reason (R): Non-Liberal paradigm is inclusive in nature.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: