UGC NET/JRF EXAM, (Paper-II) Dec.-2022 POLITICAL SCIENCE (SHIFT II)

Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a Greek Philosopher and is considered one of the most influential thinkers in western History. He, in his book Politics' said that "an ideal constitution keeps the political elite in good moral shape and provides lasting political excellence."

Immanuel wallerstein is the main proponent of world-systems theory (WST), a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change, which was developed in 1970s. According to WST, world is divided into three types of countries or areas-Core, Periphery & semi-periphery.

The Government of India Act of 1935 abolished the dyarchy system in the provinces of British India. The Act was adopted by the British parliament in August 1935. It also introduced provincial autonomy and established the office of the Governor, who held all executive powers and authority for the center.

The supreme count of India has original jurisdiction in a number of areas, including:
1. Dispute between the government and states: The supreme court has exclusive original jurisdiction in disputes between the Government of India and one or more states, or between states themselves.
2. Fundamental Rights (Article-32): The supreme court can issue writs, orders, or directions, including writs of mandamus, habeas corpus, quowarranto, prohibition and certiorari.
3. Transfering cases: The S.C. can also order the transfer of civil or criminal cases from one state's high court to another.

Only the second option is correct that 'the Nyaya panchayat should be kept as separate bodies from the development of panchayat.
The Ashok Mehta committee recommended a two-tier Panchayat system- Zila parishael at the District level (not Zila Panchayat) and mandal Panchayat at the village level (not panchayat). The committee did recommend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs however rotational basis was not mentioned specifically.

Article-74 (Council of Ministers to aid and advise president):
1. There shall be a council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head to aid and advise the president, who shall exercise his/her functions in accordance to the advice.
2. The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into is any court.

American Political scientist Granville Austin described India's constitution as a "seamless web" in his book "The Indian constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation" Austin believed the constitution's various provisions and the institutions were interconnected and interdependent, which is what he meant by 'seamless web'. He also believed that consensus and accommodation were major contributors to the constitution's creation.

Chandi Prasad Bhatt is an indian environmentalist and social activist who was a pioneer of the Chipko Movement. Bhatt, along with sunderlal Bahuguna, led the chipko Movement, a decentralized and autonomous movement of women and peasants that fought for forest rights. In 1973, Bhatt Mobilised villagers and forest wise society members to form the Chipko Aandolan, or "Hug the Tress Movement", to force a revision of forest policies that favored outside commercial interests over villagers' rights.

National People's party is the first political party recognised as a notional political party from the North Eastern region of India, though its influence is mostly concentrated by P.A. sangma after his expulsion from the NCP in July 2012. It was accorded national party states on 7th June, 2019.