UGC NET/JRF EXAM, (Paper-II) Dec.-2022 POLITICAL SCIENCE (SHIFT II)

Total Questions: 100

61. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)

Assertion (A): Health issues are central to MDGs.
Reason (R): Three out of 08 goals in MDGs are health related issues.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a set of 8 goals for the year of 2015 with measurable targets and deadlines that were set in 2000 by leaders of 189 countries at the UN Millennium Summit.
A. This is true that Health issues are central to MDGs.
R. It is also true that 3 out of 8 goals in MDGs are health-related issues. These goals include:
Goal - 4 : Reduce child Mortality
Goal - 5 : Improve Maternal Health
Goal - 6 : Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

62. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): After end of cold war, there was a rapid transition from a bipolar system to a unipolar system.
Reason (R): The Collapse of Soviet Power in Eastern and Central Europe and later the end of the USSR itself were the reason for the change into a unipolar system.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
A. This is true that after and of cold war, there was a rapid transition from a bipolar system to a unipolar system which was dominated by the united states. R. However, the collapse of soviet power in Eastern and central Europe and later the end of the USSR itself were the reason for the change into a unipolar system. Hence, (R) is also true and, is the correct explanation of (A).

63. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)

Assertion (A): The United State of America became a more dominant power after world war II.
Reason (R): After the second world war, most of the imperial powers declined.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
The United States of America became a more dominant power after world war II (1939-1945), because after the second world war, most of the imperial powers such as Britain and France declined. There were many reasons for the decline as the most important was downfall of their economies.

64. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Karl Marx wrote his masters' dissertation on Hegel.
Statement II: In a Communist society, nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Solution:

Statement (I) is false and Statement (II) is true.
Statement (I): This is false because, Karl Marx wrote his Master's dissertation on the topic The Difference between the democritean and Epicurean philosophy of Nature', Focused on the philosophical views of Democritus and Epicurus.
Statement (II): This is true because, in a communist society, nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity, because, the class distinctions and divisions are totally abolished.

65. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Periyar's prime goal was the elimination of the caste system which he found against the principles of human civilization and self-respect.
Statement II: Periyar's prime believed that revolution without violence ensures real and permanent welfare to the people.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Solution:

Both statement (I) and statement (II) are true.
Statement (I): The statement truly states that periyar's prime goal was the elimination of the caste system which he found against the principles of human civilization and self-respect. Statement (II): Periyar believed that violence is not the permanent solution of anything, he believed that revolution without violence ensures real and permanent welfare to the people.

66. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The New right is concerned to advance the cause of 'liberalism' against 'democracy' by limiting the possible uses of state power.
Statement II: The free market does not always operate perfectly and its benefit radically outweigh its disadvantages.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
Solution:

Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
Statement (I): The New Right is a descriptive term for various right-wing political groups or policies in different countries, it relates to Neo-Liberalism which emphasizes limited government intervention, promoting free-market and privatization within a democratic framework.
Statement (II): It s also incorrect, because the second half of the statement about free-market's benefits radically outweighing its disadvantages is not accurate.

67. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Equality before the law is not applicable to the President of India
Statement II: The President of India enjoys special privileges under the Constitution of India In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (d) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
Solution:

Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
Statement (I): This is incorrect because equality before law is applicable to every citizen India including the president of India.
Statement (II): The president of India enjoys several special privileges and immunities such as Immunity from Legal Proceedings, No arrest or Detention, Executive and Legislative powers, Pardon powers etc, under the constitution of India, reflecting the high office's importance and ensuring the independence and dignity of the position.

68. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Mandal Commission report was a scheme for affirmative action for socially underprivileged sections of society.
Statement II: The Mandal Commission report was submitted for Government of India in 1979. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
Solution:

Statement (I) is true but statement (II) is false.
Statement (I): The statement is correct because, the Mandal commission report, implemented in 1990, recommended reservations in government jobs and educational institutions for OBCs, consulting 27% of these opportunities. This aimed to improve the social and economic conditions of historically disadvantaged group.
Statement (II): This statement is false, because the Mandal commission report was actually submitted to the Govt. of India is 1980.

69. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: India's form of federalism is best as an original rather than a derivative or diminished form.
Statement II: India has defined its own constitutional practice of federalism rather than following earlier blueprint.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
Solution:

Both statement (I) and statement (II) are correct.
Statement (I): India's federalism is original because it uniquely blends a strong central government with significant state autonomy, reflecting its distinct historical, cultural, and political context. unlike derivative forms, it is tailored to India's diverse needs, ensuring both unity and regional representation.
Statement (II): It is also true that India has defined its own constitutional practice of federalism rather than following earlier blueprint.

70. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Alexander Wendt has identified three types of anarchies in the international system.
Statement II: Alexander Wendt is an Idealist thinker
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
Solution:

Statement (I) is correct but statement (II) is incorrect.
Statement (I): Alexander wendt identified three types of anarchies in the international system: 1. Hobbesian: Characterized by hostility and conflict
2. Lockean: marked by rivalry & mutual recognition of sovereignty.
3. Kantian: defined by friendship and cooperation among state.
Statement (II): Alexander wendt is not an idealist thinker, he gave the theory of constructivism that emphasizes the role of ideas. norms and identities in shaping the behavior of states and other actors in the international system.