UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies JANUARY-2025 – (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

11. Electronic spying operation called "Ghost. Net" is related to:

Correct Answer: 3. China
Solution:The electronic spying operation “GhostNet” was uncovered in 2009 through investigations led by researchers from the University of Toronto’s Munk Centre for International Studies.

It revealed a massive cyber-espionage network that had infiltrated the systems of embassies, foreign ministries, and NGOs across over 100 countries.

The operation primarily targeted sensitive information, and forensic evidence traced many of its command-and-control servers to China, suggesting it was either state-sponsored or tolerated by Chinese authorities.

12. The concept of human security was for the first time put forward by which organisation?

Correct Answer: 2. United Nations Development Program
Solution:The concept of human security was introduced in the 1994 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It marked a shift from the traditional state-centric concept of security to a people-centric one.

Human security includes protection from chronic threats like hunger, disease, and repression, as well as sudden disruptions in daily life. It introduced seven components of security: economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security.

13. The Nuremberg Trials were associated with:

Correct Answer: 1. Human rights violation
Solution:The Nuremberg Trials were held by the Allied forces after World War II, between 1945 and 1946, in Nuremberg, Germany. The trials prosecuted leading members of the Nazi regime for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

It was the first time international law was applied to hold individuals accountable for such crimes and laid the foundation for subsequent human rights frameworks and international criminal courts.

14. In which of these countries does India have a military air base?

Correct Answer: 4. Tajikistan
Solution:India has a strategic military presence in Tajikistan, where it operates the Farkhor Air Base, located near the Afghan border. This
base is India's first and only overseas military base.

It plays a key role in India's Central Asia policy and also enhances strategic capabilities
near Pakistan and Afghanistan. The base was also used for humanitarian purposes during crises in Afghanistan.

15. What was the theme of India's G20 Presidency?

Correct Answer: 1. One Earth, One Family, One Future
Solution:The theme of India’s G20 Presidency (2023) was “One Earth, One Family, One Future”, which draws from the Sanskrit phrase “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”, meaning “the world is one family.

” This theme emphasized the interconnectedness of all life forms and highlighted priorities like climate action, inclusive development, digital transformation, and global cooperation. It captured India’s civilizational ethos while also aligning with global aspirations.

16. Which among the following countries is not a part of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to set up the India-Middle EastEurope Economic Corridor (IMEC) during the G20 summit in New Delhi?

Correct Answer: 4. Turkiye
Solution:The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) was announced during the G20 Summit in New Delhi (2023).

It is a strategic initiative to enhance connectivity and economic integration between India, the Middle East, and Europe through rail and shipping networks.

Countries that signed the MoU include India, the United States, Saudi Arabia, UAE, France, Germany, Italy, and the European Union. Turkiye, however, was not part of this MoU, even though it later expressed interest and criticism regarding being left out.

17. Which of the following types of intellectual property rights are not covered in Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)?

Correct Answer: 4. Moral rights of authors
Solution:The TRIPS Agreement (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the WTO. It covers various types of intellectual property such as:

• Copyrights and related rights
• Geographical Indications (GIs)
• Industrial designs
• Patents
• Trademarks
• Layout designs of integrated circuits
• Undisclosed information (trade secrets)

However, moral rights of authors, such as the right to be credited or to object to distortion of their work, are not covered under TRIPS. These are covered under other treaties like the Berne Convention.

18. Which one of the following books is written by S. Jaishankar?

Correct Answer: 4. Why Bharat Matters
Solution:Dr. S. Jaishankar, India’s current Minister of External Affairs, authored the book “Why Bharat Matters (2024)”. It outlines India’s evolving foreign policy vision under the current global order,

emphasizing strategic autonomy, civilizational identity, and India’s rise in global diplomacy. The book provides insights into India’s worldview, national interest, and geopolitical challenges.

19. Under the Indus Water Treaty (IWT), waters of which river were distributed to India?

Correct Answer: 3. Ravi, Beas, Sutlej
Solution:The Indus Water Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan with the mediation of the World Bank, allocates river waters of the Indus river system. According to the treaty:

• India was granted rights over the eastern rivers: Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej
• Pakistan was given control over the western rivers: Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab

Therefore, the rivers distributed to India under the treaty are Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.

20. What is NOT true about Track-II Diplomacy?

Correct Answer: 3. Government officials participate in negotiations
Solution:Track-II diplomacy refers to informal dialogues and problem-solving activities involving non-officials, such as academics, civil society actors, retired officials, and think tanks. These dialogues aim to build trust, generate ideas, and create conducive environments for formal (Track-I) diplomacy.

It does not involve official government representatives in a negotiating capacity. Therefore, government officials do not directly participate in Track-II negotiations.