UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies JANUARY-2025 - (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

81. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I	List-II
A. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics	I. Headley Bull
B. Democratic Ideals and Realities	II. H.J. Mackinder
C. Tradition Never Dies	III. E.V. Walter
D. Terror and Resistance	IV. S.S. Bawa

1. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
2. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
3. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
4. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

Correct Answer: 1. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

Solution:A. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics – Hedley Bull → A foundational text in the English School of International Relations, analyzing how order exists in an anarchic international system. (A–I)

B. Democratic Ideals and Realities – H.J. Mackinder (1919) discussing the relation between geography and global power politics. (B–II)

C. Tradition Never Dies – S.S. Bawa → A study emphasizing the relevance of classical traditions in modern international relations. (C–IV)

D. Terror and Resistance – E.V. Walter → A sociopolitical study of violence, power, and resistance. (D–III)

The correct matching: A–I, B–II, C–IV, D–III.

82. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Theory)	List-II (Thinker)
A. Relative realism	I. Jack Snyder
B. Transcendental realism	II. George F. Kennan
C. Defensive neorealism	III. Randall Schweller
D. Neoclassical realism	IV. Hans J. Morgenthau

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
2. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
3. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 1. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

Solution:A. Relative Realism – George F. Kennan → Known for his realist policy approach emphasizing balance of power and containment. (A–II)

B. Transcendental Realism – Hans J. Morgenthau → Morgenthau is associated with classical realism, which carries transcendental (ethical and moral) elements. (B–IV)

C. Defensive Neorealism – Jack Snyder → Snyder, along with Waltz, emphasized states’ tendency to seek security rather than power maximization. (C–I)

D. Neoclassical Realism – Randall Schweller → Schweller developed this theory combining structural and domestic-level variables. (D–III)

The correct matching: A–II, B–IV, C–I, D–III.

83. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Organizations)	List-II (Years of establishment)
A. OPEC	I. 1945
B. Islamic Conference Organization	II. 1960
C. Arab League	III. 1969
D. Gulf Co-operation Council	IV. 1981

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
3. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

Solution:A. OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) – Established in 1960, headquartered in Vienna. (A–II)

B. Islamic Conference Organization (now OIC) – Established in 1969, promoting Islamic solidarity and cooperation. (B–III)

C. Arab League – Founded in 1945, to promote political, economic, and cultural cooperation among Arab states. (C–I)

D. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) – Formed in 1981 by Gulf Arab nations to foster economic and security collaboration. (D–IV)

The correct matching: A–II, B–III, C–I, D–IV.

84. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (SAARC centers)	List-II (Location)
A. SAARC Agricultural Information Centre	I. Kathmandu
B. SAARC Tuberculosis Centre	II. Dhaka
C. SAARC Documentation Centre	III. Islamabad
D. SAARC Human Resources Development Centre	IV. New Delhi

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
2. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
3. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 2. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Solution:A. SAARC Agricultural Information Centre – Located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (A–II)

B. SAARC Tuberculosis Centre – Located in Kathmandu, Nepal. (B–I)

C. SAARC Documentation Centre – Based in New Delhi, India. (C–IV)

D. SAARC Human Resources Development Centre – Located in Islamabad, Pakistan. (D–III)

The correct matching: A–II, B–I, C–IV, D–III.

85. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Regional Trade Groups)	List-II (Member)
A. NAFTA	I. USA
B. MERCOSUR	II. Costa Rica
C. CAFTA-DR	III. Argentina
D. CACM	IV. Canada

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Solution:A. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) – Members include USA, Canada, and Mexico → Canada fits here. (A–IV)

B. MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) – Founding members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay → Argentina fits. (B–III)

C. CAFTA-DR (Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement) – Includes USA and several Central American nations → USA fits. (C–I)

D. CACM (Central American Common Market) – Includes Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua → Costa Rica fits. (D–II)

The correct matching: A–IV, B–III, C–I, D–II.

86. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Authors)	List-II (Books)
A. Jagdish Bhagwati	I. In Defense of Globalization
B. Amartya Sen	II. Realizing Rawls
C. Thomas Pogge	III. Development as Freedom
D. Sumit Ganguly	IV. India as an Emerging Power

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
2. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
4. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Correct Answer: 1. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Solution:A. Jagdish Bhagwati – In Defense of Globalization → Advocates for globalization’s role in reducing poverty. (A–I)

B. Amartya Sen – Development as Freedom → Argues that true development expands people’s freedoms. (B–III)

C. Thomas Pogge – Realizing Rawls → A philosophical work extending Rawls’ theory of justice. (C–II)

D. Sumit Ganguly – India as an Emerging Power → Focuses on India’s strategic and political rise. (D–IV)

The correct matching: A–I, B–III, C–II, D–IV.

87. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Events)	List-II (Year of occurrence)
A. Rwanda Genocide	I. 2001
B. Kosovo War	II. 1991
C. September 11 terrorist attacks on the US	III. 1994
D. Gulf War	IV. 1999

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
4. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

Correct Answer: 3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Solution:A. Rwanda Genocide – 1994 → One of the worst genocides in history, involving mass killings between Hutu and Tutsi communities. (A–III)

B. Kosovo War – 1999 → A conflict between Yugoslav/Serbian forces and ethnic Albanians; NATO intervened. (B–IV)

C. September 11 terrorist attacks on the US – 2001 → Coordinated terrorist attacks by Al-Qaeda on the World Trade Center and Pentagon. (C–I)

D. Gulf War – 1991 → Triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, leading to Operation Desert Storm. (D–II)

The correct matching: A–III, B–IV, C–I, D–II.

88. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Article of NPT)	List-II (Provisions)
A. Article I	I. Requires a nation to give 3 months notice to withdraw from the Treaty
B. Article IV	II. Commits the NWSs to pursue negotiations for the cessation of the nuclear arms race for nuclear disarmament
C. Article VI	III. NWS agree not to help non-nuclear weapon states to develop or acquire nuclear weapons
D. Article X	IV. Acknowledges the inalienable right of NWSs to research, develop and use nuclear energy for non-weapons purposes

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
3. A-JI, B-III, C-I, D-IV
4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution:A. Article I – Nuclear Weapon States (NWS) agree not to assist non-nuclear weapon states in acquiring nuclear weapons. (A–III)

B. Article IV – Recognizes the right to develop and use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. (B–IV)

C. Article VI – Calls for negotiations toward nuclear disarmament and ending the nuclear arms race. (C–II)

D. Article X – Allows withdrawal from the treaty with 3 months’ notice under extraordinary circumstances. (D–I)

The correct matching: A–III, B–IV, C–II, D–I.

89. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Politicians)	List-II (Statements)
A. Margaret Thatcher	I. In Politics stupidity is not a handicap
B. Napolean Bonaparte	II. Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed
C. Mao Zedong	III. I am extraordinarily patient, provided I get my own way in the end
D. Ronald Reagan	IV. Inflation is as violent as a mugger, as frightening as an armed robber and as deadly as a hit man.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
2. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
3. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
4. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 4. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

Solution:A. Margaret Thatcher – “I am extraordinarily patient, provided I get my own way in the end.” → Reflects her strong-willed political style. (A–III)

B. Napoleon Bonaparte – “In politics, stupidity is not a handicap.” → His cynical view on political maneuvering. (B–I)

C. Mao Zedong – “Politics is war without bloodshed, while war is politics with bloodshed.” → His revolutionary interpretation of politics and conflict. (C–II)

D. Ronald Reagan – “Inflation is as violent as a mugger, as frightening as an armed robber, and as deadly as a hit man.” → His comment on economic instability. (D–IV)

The correct matching: A–III, B–I, C–II, D–IV.