UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies JUNE-2025 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the passage and answer the questions:

On April 22, 2025, terror struck Pahalgam. Pakistan-backed attackers stormed a village, asked people their religion, and killed them, resulting in 26 deaths.

In response, on May 07, the Indian Armed Forces launched 'Operation Sindoor', hitting terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir from where terrorist attacks against India have been planned and directed.

Altogether, nine sites were targeted. India's actions were focused, measured and non-escalatory in nature. No Pakistani military facilities were targeted.

Instead of supporting India's actions on terror infrastructure, Pakistan decided to attack India with drones and missiles. India's strong air defence systems neutralized the incoming Pakistani projectiles.

India responded to drone and missile attacks by hitting Pakistan air bases. On May 10, after a call from Pakistan, both countries agreed to stop all firing and military actions with effect from 5 PM on the same date.

On May 12th, Prime Minister Modi addressed the nation and articulated India's three-fold policy on terrorism. First, India will respond to any future terror attack on it.

Second, India will not tolerate any nuclear blackmail while responding to a terror attack. Third, India will not distinguish between terrorists and their backers.

Which of the following is not true about Operation Sindoor?

Correct Answer: 2. India attacked nine terror sites, all located in Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir.
Solution:Operation Sindoor was India’s military response to the April 22, 2025 Pahalgam terror attack, where 26 civilians were killed by Pakistan-based terrorists.

India launched the operation on May 07, targeting nine terror sites across Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK).

The operation was focused and non-escalatory, and no Pakistani military facilities were attacked. Therefore, the statement claiming that all nine sites were in PoJK is incorrect.

92. How did Pakistan respond to India's May 07 military action?

Correct Answer: 3. Pakistan attacked India with drones and missiles
Solution:After India’s May 07 counter-terror strikes, Pakistan retaliated with drone and missile attacks on Indian territory. India’s air defense systems neutralized these incoming threats effectively, and then India responded by hitting Pakistan’s air bases. Hence, the accurate description of Pakistan’s response is that it attacked India with drones and missiles.

93. On which date India and Pakistan agreed to a ceasefire?

Correct Answer: 2. May 10
Solution:The passage states that on May 10, 2025, following a call from Pakistan, both countries agreed to stop all firing and military actions effective from 5 PM the same day. This marked the formal ceasefire agreement after several days of escalation.

94. Which of the following is not part of India's policy on terrorism announced by PM Modi on May 12?

Correct Answer: 4. India will send all-party delegation to foreign capitals each time after a terror attack to expose Pakistan's role.
Solution:

In his address to the nation on May 12, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi outlined India’s three-fold anti-terror policy:

95. Which of the following is true about India's attack on terror sites on May 07?

Correct Answer: 4. The attack was focused, measured and non-escalatory in nature.
Solution:India’s May 07 strikes under Operation Sindoor were described as “focused, measured, and non-escalatory.” The operation targeted terror infrastructure only — not Pakistani military installations or civilian facilities. This demonstrates India’s limited and defensive intent.

96. Read the passage and answer the questions:

During its 76-year history, NATO has faced its share of crises, but none have been as grave as what it confronts today.

Since returning to office, US President Trump has questioned the two core principles of the alliance's collective defence commitment:

that there is a shared understanding of the threats to NATO members and that security among all those members is indivisible.

The US sided with Russia and against every other NATO member in February 2025 when it opposed a UN resolution condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Moreover, Trump has repeatedly called into question NATO's collective defensive provision by declaring that the US will not defend allies who "don't pay"- despite the fact that nearly all NATO members have dramatically increased their defence spending since 2014.

Given Trump's low regard for the alliance and its collective defence commitment, it would be no surprise if his administration decided to withdraw from NATO.

In late 2023, Congress passed a law prohibiting the president from doing this without congressional assent-a bill that, ironically, was cosponsored by then Senator Marco Rubio, who is now Trump's secretary of state.

But if the administration were to decide to flout the law, it is unlikely that the Supreme Court would do anything to it.

When was NATO established ?

Correct Answer: 2. In late 1940s
Solution:The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949, shortly after the end of World War II, as a collective defense alliance against Soviet expansion during the Cold War. The passage refers to NATO’s 76-year history, which confirms its founding in the late 1940s.

97. What has been Trump's stand on NATO since his return to office?

Correct Answer: 3. Trump has raised questions on NATO's core principles
Solution:Since returning to office, President Trump has questioned NATO’s two core principles—the shared understanding of threats and the indivisibility of security among members.

He has also threatened not to defend allies who “don’t pay.” Hence, his approach has been to challenge NATO’s foundational principles rather than uphold them.

98. Which of the following is incorrect?

Correct Answer: 4. Marco Rubio did not support US's association with NATO when he was a senator.
Solution:The passage confirms that:

• Congress passed a law prohibiting the president from withdrawing from NATO without its consent.
• It would not be surprising if Trump withdraws the US from NATO.
• The Supreme Court would likely do nothing if the administration ignored the law.

However, the passage also states that Marco Rubio (as senator) co-sponsored that very law—showing his support for NATO. Thus, the statement that he did not support US’s association with NATO is incorrect.

99. Which of the following is true of NATO?

Correct Answer: 4. NATO faces its history's gravest crisis in the second Trump administration.
Solution:The passage emphasizes that NATO is currently facing its gravest crisis due to President Trump’s stance undermining its collective defense commitment. This makes it clear that the alliance is in its most serious crisis in history under Trump’s second term.

100. Which of the following is not true?

Correct Answer: 1. Trump has high respect for NATO.
Solution:The passage clearly mentions that Trump has a low regard for NATO and has questioned its principles—so saying he has high respect for NATO is false.

All other statements—about European support for NATO, the US being the only member to oppose it, and increased defense spending—are true according to the passage.