UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies JUNE-2025 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

11. Which of the following books is NOT written by Henry Kissinger?

Correct Answer: 4. War by Other Means
Solution:Henry Kissinger, the former U.S. Secretary of State and a renowned diplomat, authored several key works in international relations. His notable books include:

• “Diplomacy” – A comprehensive history of international politics and diplomacy.
• “World Order” – An exploration of how different regions understand the concept of international order.
• “White House Years” – A memoir of his time in the Nixon administration.

However, “War by Other Means” was not written by Henry Kissinger. It is authored by Robert D. Blackwill and Jennifer M. Harris, and discusses the use of economic instruments in foreign policy.

12. 'Concert of Europe' included:

Correct Answer: 1. Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia
Solution:The Concert of Europe was a diplomatic and military alliance formed after the Napoleonic Wars to maintain the balance of power and prevent large-scale wars in Europe. The key powers involved were:

• Austria
• Britain
• France
• Prussia
• Russia

This arrangement functioned as a system of dispute resolution and collective security in the 19th century.

13. Which Article of the UN Charter permits countries to use force for self-defence?

Correct Answer: 3. Article 51
Solution:Article 51 of the United Nations Charter explicitly recognizes the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence.

If an armed attack occurs against a UN member state, until the Security Council takes measures to maintain peace. It is the primary legal basis for the use of force in self defense under international law.

14. Which among these countries is NOT a member of GCC?

Correct Answer: 4. Yemen
Solution:The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a regional intergovernmental political and economic union comprising six Middle Eastern countries:

• Saudi Arabia
• Kuwait
• Qatar
• United Arab Emirates
• Oman
• Bahrain

Yemen is not a full member, though it has engaged with the GCC in limited cooperation.

15. When was the African Union (AU) launched?

Correct Answer: 4. 2002
Solution:The African Union (AU) was officially launched in 2002 in Durban, South Africa, replacing the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which was founded in 1963. The AU was established to promote unity, peace, and development across the African continent.

16. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of BIMSTEC?

Correct Answer: 4. Maldives
Solution:BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) is a regional organization involving countries around the Bay of Bengal for economic and technical cooperation. Its members are:

• Bangladesh
• India
• Myanmar
• Sri Lanka
• Thailand
• Nepal
• Bhutan

Maldives is not a member of BIMSTEC; it is a member of SAARC instead.

17. When did Nepal become Federal Democratic Republic?

Correct Answer: 3. 2008
Solution:Nepal became a Federal Democratic Republic in 2008 after abolishing its 240-year-old monarchy. This transformation came after a long period of civil unrest and a peace agreement between the Maoists and the government. The Constituent Assembly formally declared Nepal a republic on May 28, 2008.

18. Indus Water Treaty of 1960 gives rights to Pakistan over which rivers?

Correct Answer: 1. Indus, Jhelum and Chenab
Solution:The Indus Waters Treaty (1960) is a water-sharing agreement brokered by the World Bank between India and Pakistan. According to the treaty:

Pakistan was granted rights over the western rivers:

• Indus,
• Jhelum,
• Chenab

India retained control over the eastern rivers:

• Ravi,
• Beas,
• Sutlej.

19. Who was the first Field Marshal of Pakistan?

Correct Answer: 1. Ayub Khan
Solution:

General Ayub Khan was the first Field Marshal of Pakistan. He seized power through a military coup in 1958 and ruled Pakistan until 1969. He was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1959, a rank never awarded to any other Pakistani military officer thereafter.

20. Yarlung Tsangpo river originates from:

Correct Answer: 3. Tibet
Solution:The Yarlung Tsangpo River originates in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It is the upper stream of the Brahmaputra River, which flows eastward through Tibet before entering Arunachal Pradesh in India and eventually flowing into Bangladesh.