UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies JUNE-2025 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

31. Which are the two multilateral financial institutions that emerged out of the Bretton Woods Conferencе?

Correct Answer: 3. IMF and World Bank
Solution:The Bretton Woods Conference, held in July 1944, led to the establishment of two major multilateral financial institutions:

• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) – for global monetary cooperation and financial stability.
• The World Bank (then IBRD – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) – for reconstruction and development lending.

These institutions have played a foundational role in the post-war global economic order.

32. The 'Monroe Doctrine' is concerned with:

Correct Answer: 1. U.S. pre-eminence in the Western Hemisphere
Solution:The Monroe Doctrine, articulated by U.S. President James Monroe in 1823, was a cornerstone of early U.S. foreign policy.

It declared that any further attempts by European powers to colonize or interfere in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression, warranting U.S. intervention. It established U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere.

33. Westphalian World Order principally emphasizes:

Correct Answer: 1. State sovereignty
Solution:The Westphalian World Order is based on the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which ended the Thirty Years’ War in Europe.

It laid the foundation for the modern international system by establishing the principle of state sovereignty, non-intervention in the internal affairs of states, and legal equality among states.

34. Balfour Declaration is concerned with:

Correct Answer: 2. National home for the Jewish people
Solution:The Balfour Declaration was a 1917 statement by the British government, expressing support for the establishment of a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine,

then part of the Ottoman Empire. It was named after British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour and had profound implications for the Middle East.

35. When did India announce 'Connect Central Asia' Policy?

Correct Answer: 2. 2012
Solution:India announced its ‘Connect Central Asia’ Policy in 2012 during the first India-Central Asia Dialogue held in Kazakhstan. The policy aims to strengthen political, economic, security, and cultural ties between India and Central Asian nations through bilateral and multilateral engagement.

36. Which countries are part of South Caucasus?

Correct Answer: 1. Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
Solution:The South Caucasus region lies at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia and includes three countries located south of the Caucasus Mountains:

• Azerbaijan
• Armenia
• Georgia

This region is geopolitically significant due to its strategic location and energy resources.

37. ASEAN-Plus countries include:

Correct Answer: 4. China, Japan, South Korea
Solution:ASEAN Plus Three (APT) is a framework that includes the 10 ASEAN member states plus:

• China
• Japan
• South Korea

This grouping focuses on East Asian cooperation in economics, security, and culture.

38. Which of the following countries is not a member of SCO?

Correct Answer: 4. Turkey
Solution:The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, and security alliance. Its full members include:

• China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and (as of 2023) Iran.

Turkey is not a full member but holds dialogue partner status.

39. Which amendment of the Bangladesh Constitution scrapped the caretaker government?

Correct Answer: 3. 15th Amendment
Solution:The 15th Amendment to the Bangladesh Constitution, passed in 2011, abolished the provision for a caretaker government to oversee general elections. This decision was controversial and led to political tensions and protests by opposition parties.

40. Which country is NOT in the FATF's 'black list'?

Correct Answer: 4. Pakistan
Solution:As of the latest updates, the countries on the FATF ‘blacklist’ (i.e., high-risk jurisdictions subject to a call for action) include:

• North Korea
• Iran

Myanmar was added to the grey list but is not on the blacklist. Pakistan was removed from the grey list in October 2022 and is not blacklisted either.