UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies JUNE-2025 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

61. Which of the following are true?

A. Communication approach in international relations was developed by Karl Deutsch.
B. Richard Snyder is associated with decision making approach in international relations.
С. Е. H. Carr is a leading expert of neo liberal approach in international relations.
D. Reinhold Niebuhr is associated with Marxist approach in international relations.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 1. A and B only
Solution:Statements about approaches in International Relations:

A. True – The communication approach in international relations was developed by Karl Deutsch, who emphasized the role of communication, information flow, and social integration among nations in promoting political stability and integration.
B. True – Richard Snyder is associated with the decision-making approach in IR, focusing on how leaders and policymakers make foreign policy choices.
C. False – E.H. Carr was a classical realist, not a neoliberal. His book “The Twenty Years’ Crisis” (1939) laid the foundation for realism, criticizing idealism.
D. False – Reinhold Niebuhr was a Christian realist, not a Marxist. He emphasized human limitations and moral concerns in politics.

Hence, only A and B are correct.

62. Who among the following scholars are associated with post-structuralist approach to international relations?

A. Richard Ashley
B. James Der Derian
C. AFK Organski
D. Max Weber

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 1. A and B only
Solution:Post-structuralist scholars in International Relations:

A. Richard Ashley – A leading post-structuralist who critiqued traditional IR theories and emphasized discourse and power structures.
B. James Der Derian – Another post-structuralist, known for his work on diplomacy, war, and the role of technology and representation in global politics.
C. A.F.K. Organski – Associated with Power Transition Theory, not post-structuralism.
D. Max Weber – A classical sociologist linked with interpretivism and bureaucracy theory, but not post-structuralism.

Thus, the correct scholars are A and B only.

63. Who among the following are the scholars on neo-functionalism in international relations?

A. Ernst
B. Hass B. Leon Lindberg
C. George Kennan
D. Keneth W. Thompson

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. A and B only
Solution:Scholars on Neo-functionalism in International Relations:

A. Ernst B. Haas – The principal scholar of neo-functionalism, known for his influential work “The Uniting of Europe” (1958), which analyzed European integration and the concept of spillover from economic to political cooperation.
B. Leon Lindberg – A key collaborator of Haas, he contributed to refining neo-functionalism and examined the process of regional integration within the European Community.
C. George Kennan – Associated with realism and the containment policy during the Cold War, not neo-functionalism.
D. Kenneth W. Thompson – A classical realist scholar linked to Hans Morgenthau, not neo-functionalism.

Thus, only A and B are correct.

64. Which of the following groups have been declared as terrorist organisations by the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs?

A. Al-Umar-Mujaheedin
B. Khalistan Commando Force
C. Kangleipak Communist Party
D. Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. A, B, C and D
Solution:

Groups declared as terrorist organisations by the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs:

A. Al-Umar-Mujahedin (AuM) – Declared a terrorist organisation under the UAPA; active in Jammu and Kashmir.
B. Khalistan Commando Force (KCF) – Listed as a banned militant group, associated with the Khalistan separatist movement.
C. Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) – A banned insurgent outfit from Manipur advocating separatism.
D. Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (ABNES) – Declared a terrorist organisation by the Government of India in July 2002 due to involvement in unlawful and anti-national activities.

Since all four groups are officially designated as terrorist organisations by the Ministry of Home Affairs, all statements are correct.

65. Which of the following states of India share border with Myanmar?

A. Arunachal Pradesh
B. Mizoram
C. Meghalaya
D. Tripura

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 1. A and B only
Solution:India shares a 1,643 km long border with Myanmar, which touches four Indian states:

• Arunachal Pradesh
• Nagaland
• Manipur
• Mizoram

From the given options:

A. Arunachal Pradesh – Yes
B. Mizoram – Yes
C. Meghalaya – No, it borders Bangladesh, not Myanmar.
D. Tripura – No, it also borders Bangladesh, not Myanmar.

Hence, only A and B are correct.

66. Which of the following are true of IMF?

A. IMF was established in 1946.
B. The headquarter of IMF is in Washington DC.
C. Paris Conference led to establishment of IMF.
D. Camille Gutt is the first Managing Director of IMF.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. B and D only
Solution:Facts about the International Monetary Fund (IMF):

A. False – The IMF was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference, and came into existence in 1945, not 1946.
B. True – The headquarters of the IMF is in Washington, D.C., USA.
C. False – It was the Bretton Woods Conference, not the Paris Conference, that led to the creation of the IMF.
D. True – Camille Gutt (from Belgium) was the first Managing Director of the IMF, serving from 1946 to 1951.

Thus, statements B and D are correct.

67. Which of the following are true of G-20?

A. G-20 was established in 1999.
B. G-20 does not have a secretariat.
C. First G-20 summit was held in 2008.
D. 15th G-20 summit was held in UAE.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. А, В and C only
Solution:Facts about the G-20:

A. True – The G-20 (Group of Twenty) was established in 1999, primarily as a forum for finance ministers and central bank governors after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis.
B. True – The G-20 has no permanent secretariat; its presidency rotates annually among member countries.
C. True – The first G-20 leaders’ summit was held in 2008 in Washington, D.C., in response to the global financial crisis.
D. False – The 15th G-20 Summit was held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2020, not in the UAE.

Hence, statements A, B, and C are correct.

68. Which of the following are true of Trusteeship Council (TC)?

A. Trusteeship Council suspended its operations in 1994.
B. Palau was the last UN Trust territory to gain independence.
C. East Timor was part of UN Trust Territory.
D. Trusteeship Council consisted of five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 5. *
Solution:

Trusteeship Council (TC) of the United Nations:

A. True – The Trusteeship Council suspended its operations in 1994, specifically on November 1, 1994, after the last Trust Territory, Palau, gained independence.
B. True – Palau was indeed the last UN Trust Territory to gain independence, on October 1, 1994.
C. False – East Timor was never a UN Trust Territory; it was on the UN’s list of Non-Self-Governing Territories under Portuguese administration. It later came under UNTAET (Transitional Administration) but was not supervised by the Trusteeship Council.
D. True – As per Article 86 of the UN Charter, the Trusteeship Council included the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US). By 1994, after all Trust Territories became independent, the Council’s membership consisted only of these five.

Thus, A, B, and D are correct, while C is incorrect.

However, none of the given options (1–4) exactly represent A, B, and D only.
Therefore, the correct conclusion is: None of the given options are fully correct.

Correct combination: A, B and D only.

69. Which of the following are true of World War II?

A. World War II ended in 1945.
B. Axis Power consisted of Germany, Japan and Italy.
C. France, Great Britain, US, Soviet Union and Spain were part of the Allied Force.
D. Woodrow Wilson was the president of the US during World War II.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 1. A and B only
Solution:Facts about World War II:

A. True – World War II ended in 1945, with Germany’s surrender in May 1945 and Japan’s in August 1945.
B. True – The Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan, forming the core alliance opposed to the Allies.
C. False – While France, Great Britain, the U.S., and the Soviet Union were part of the Allied Powers, Spain was neutral during World War II under Francisco Franco.
D. False – Woodrow Wilson was the U.S. President during World War I, not World War II. During World War II, the U.S. Presidents were Franklin D. Roosevelt and later Harry S. Truman.

Hence, only A and B are correct.

70. Which of the following are true of Cuban Missile Crisis

A. Cuban Missile crisis occurred in 1962.
B. Kennedy was the US President during the crisis.
C. Brezhnev was the leader of the USSR during the crisis.
D. Cuban Missile crisis followed the Bay of Pigs invasion.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. А, В and D only
Solution:Facts about the Cuban Missile Crisis:

A. True – The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962.
B. True – John F. Kennedy was the U.S. President during the crisis.
C. False – The Soviet leader at that time was Nikita Khrushchev, not Leonid Brezhnev (who came to power in 1964).
D. True – The crisis followed the Bay of Pigs invasion (1961), which was an unsuccessful attempt by U.S.-backed Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro.

Hence, A, B, and D are correct.