UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies SEPTEMBER - 2024 - (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the paragraph given below and answer the questions based on it:

The state of India can be said to have come into existence in the period between granting of independence in 1947 and adoption of its federal constitution in 1949.

During this time, a UK appointed Governor General continued to exercise supervision. In the same way, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 initiated the process through which the USA achieved statehood,

but this was not completed until the US constitution was ratified in 1789. The need of empowerment also applies to subnational and super national bodies.

In federal system, for example, constituent provinces or states have their own constitutions in order to guarantee their sphere of authority relative to that of central government.

Although the idea of a formal EU constitution was abandoned in 2005, following rejection by the Netherlands and France, a collection of treaties including:

the Treaty of Rome (1957), Single European Act (1986), Treaty on European Union (1993) and the Treaty of Lisbon (2009) have constitutional effect

The state of India came into existence between:

1. Granting of Independence and first Lok Sabha election
2. Identifying Independence Day and Republic day
3. Adoption of federal constitution and first Lok Sabha election
4. Granting of independence and adoption of its federal constitution

Correct Answer: 4. Granting of independence and adoption of its federal constitution

Solution:As per the paragraph, the state of India came into existence during the time between granting of independence in 1947 and adoption of its federal constitution in 1949 (which came into effect on 26 January 1950).

During this transitional phase, India functioned under a constitutional monarchy with the British-appointed Governor General still exercising supervisory powers.

92. Who was appointed by UK between 1947 and 1950 to exercise supervision

1. Prime Minister
2. Governor General
3. Defence Minister
4. President

Correct Answer: 2. Governor General

Solution:Between 1947 and 1950, the Governor General, originally a British appointee, continued to supervise the Indian administration. Lord Mountbatten and later C.

Rajagopalachari served as Governor Generals of India during this interim period before the office was replaced by the President of India in 1950.

93. The American Declaration of Independence in 1776 intiated a process through which:-

1. USA achieved statehood
2. USA achieved guaranteed security
3. USA achieved world dominance
4. USA achieved welfare status of the Americans

Correct Answer: 1. USA achieved statehood

Solution:The American Declaration of Independence in 1776 marked the beginning of the USA’s path to statehood, but it was not fully realized until the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1789.

The declaration initiated the process of independence, while constitutional ratification established formal governance.

94. The need of empowerment also applies to:

1. Sub national and super national bodies
2. Supra national bodies and Super national bodies.
3. Sub national and super national bodies
4. Sub national and superior national bodies
5. 1 & 3

Correct Answer: 5. 1 & 3

Solution:The paragraph mentions that empowerment also applies to both subnational (like constituent states/provinces in federations) and supranational bodies (like the European Union).

These entities require constitutional frameworks to define their authority relative to central or collective governance.

95. Which Treaty does not have constitutional effect?

1. Treaty of Lisbon
2. Treaty of Paris
3. Treaty of Rome
4. Treaty of European Union

Correct Answer: 2. Treaty of Paris

Solution:The paragraph states that Treaty of Rome (1957), Single European Act (1986), Treaty on European Union (1993), and Treaty of Lisbon (2009) all have constitutional effect.

The Treaty of Paris, though important (signed in 1951 for creating the European Coal and Steel Community), is not mentioned in the paragraph as having constitutional effect. Therefore, it is the correct answer as the exception.

96. Read the paragraph given below and answer the questions based on it:

Ancient teachers have laid down that the king shall allot duties to ministers appropřiate to their integrity as determined by four tests based on Dharma, Artha, Kama and Fear.

He shall appoint those proved pure by the test of Dharma to judicial and law and order posts. Those proved pure by Artha test shall be appointed as chancellor or the treasurer.

Those proved pure by the test of Kama as controller of recreation inside and outside the palace. Those proved pure by test of fear to duties near the king.

Those who succeed in every test shall be appointed to the highest office of councillor. Those who fail in every test shall be sent off to posts such as mines, forests, elephant forests or factories.

The King under no circumstances shall make himself or queen the target of ascertaining the probity of a minister. Further more, he shall not corrupt the uncorrupted; that would be like adding poison to water, for. it may well happen that a case may not be found for one so corrupted.

The King shall conduct integrity test based on:

1. Dharma, Artha, Kama. Moksha
2. Dharma, Rajya, Kama, Fear
3. Dharma, Artha, Kama, Fear
4. Dhanna, Heenrajya, Kama, Artha

Correct Answer: 3. Dharma, Artha, Kama, Fear

Solution:According to the paragraph, ancient teachers instructed that a king shall allot duties based on four tests:

Dharma (moral conduct), Artha (wealth/finance), Kama (pleasure or recreation), and Fear (courage or loyalty under threat). These four were used to determine the integrity and suitability of ministers for various roles.

97. Minister who proves pure by Kama shall be appointed as:

1. Controller of recreation inside and outside the Palace
2. Recreation for Queen and Princes
3. Chancellor
4. Judicial and law and order posts

Correct Answer: 1. Controller of recreation inside and outside the Palace

Solution:The paragraph clearly states that those proved pure by the test of Kama should be appointed as “controller of recreation inside and outside the palace.”

This pertains to pleasure and entertainment management, aligning with the meaning of Kama in ancient Indian philosophy.

98. Minister who proves pure by Dharma test, shall be appointed as:

1. Treasurer
2. Judicial and Law and order posts
3. Recreation
4. Forests

Correct Answer: 2. Judicial and Law and order posts

Solution:As per the paragraph, those proved pure by the test of Dharma (which refers to moral and righteous conduct) are deemed suitable for judicial functions and law and order responsibilities, where ethical decision-making is crucial.

99. Minister who succeeds in all tests shall be appointed as:

1. Chancellor
2. Councillor
3. Forests
4. Treasurer

Correct Answer: 2. Councillor

Solution:The paragraph states that those who succeed in every test — Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Fear — shall be appointed to the highest office, which is explicitly referred to as Councillor. This position demands integrity and excellence in all domains.

100. Under what circumstances the king shall make himself or his Queen the target of ascertaining the probity of a minister?

1. Under special circumstances
2. Under no circumstances
3. Only at time at selection of Councillor
4. At the time of appointment of Treasurer.

Correct Answer: 2. Under no circumstances

Solution:The passage is explicit: “The King under no circumstances shall make himself or queen the target of ascertaining the probity of a minister.” This rule is meant to preserve the dignity and security of the royal family and prevent manipulation or ethical compromise.