UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Politics Including International Relations and Studies SEPTEMBER - 2024 - (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

71. Consider the following statements regarding United Nations Security Council:

A. UN General Assembly is the main executive body of the United Nations.
B. UN Security Council was enlarged from 11 to 15 in 1975.
C. India claims for permanent membership of the Security Council.
D. General Assembly resolution 2758 of October 1971 is related to China.
E. There are two permanent non-member observer states at the UN: The Holy See and Palestine.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C, D only
2. A, C, E only
3. C, D, E only
4. A, B, C, D, E

Correct Answer: 3. C, D, E only

Solution:

C. India claims for permanent membership of the Security Council: (Correct). India has long advocated for permanent membership in an expanded UNSC, citing its large population, economic strength, and peacekeeping contributions.

D. General Assembly resolution 2758 of October 1971 is related to China: (Correct). Passed on 25 October 1971, UNGA Resolution 2758 recognized the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as the legitimate representative of China in the UN, replacing the Republic of China (Taiwan).

E. There are two permanent non-member observer states at the UN: The Holy See and Palestine: (Correct). Both the Holy See (Vatican) and Palestine hold observer status at the UN but are not full member states.

A. UN General Assembly is the main executive body of the United Nations: (Incorrect). The Security Council, not the General Assembly, is the main executive body responsible for maintaining peace and security.

B. UN Security Council was enlarged from 11 to 15 in 1975: (Incorrect). The UNSC expanded from 11 to 15 members in 1965, not 1975.

72. Choose the correct statements:

A. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was established in 2016.
B. AIIB was established by USA but opposed by China.
C. International Labour Organisation was established in 1929.
D. South Sudan became 193rd UN member in 2011.
E. ECOWAS is the Economic Community of West African States.

Choose the most appropriate answers from the options given below:

1. А, B, C only
2. А, D, E only
3. С, D, E only
4. В, C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 2. А, D, E only

Solution:

A. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was established in 2016: (Correct). The AIIB officially commenced operations on 16 January 2016, headquartered in Beijing, China, and aims to support infrastructure development in Asia.

D. South Sudan became 193rd UN member in 2011: (Correct). South Sudan gained independence from Sudan and joined the United Nations as the 193rd member on 14 July 2011.

E. ECOWAS is the Economic Community of West African States: (Correct). ECOWAS is a regional group of 15 West African countries, founded in 1975, to promote economic integration and collective security.

B. AIIB was established by USA but opposed by China: (Incorrect). The AIIB was initiated by China in 2013 and opposed by the USA, which saw it as a rival to institutions like the World Bank.

C. International Labour Organisation was established in 1929: (Incorrect). The ILO was founded in 1919, as part of the Treaty of Versailles, and is one of the oldest international organizations.

73. Consider the following contributions of the strategic thinkers and find out the correct answers.

A. Carl Von Clausewitz wrote the book 'On War'.
B. Kautilya wrote the book 'The Prince’.
C. Antonio Jomini has written the book 'The Influence of Sea Power Upon History'.
D. Halford Mackinder wrote the book "Geographical Pivot of History".
E. H. Kissinger wrote the book 'Ending the Vietnam War'.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, C, D, E only
2. A, D, E only
3. A, C, E only
4. A, B, C. D only

Correct Answer: 2. A, D, E only

Solution:

A. Carl von Clausewitz wrote the book ‘On War’: (Correct). Published posthumously in 1832, On War is one of the most influential works in military strategy, written by Prussian general Clausewitz.

D. Halford Mackinder wrote the book ‘Geographical Pivot of History’: (Correct). Published in 1904, this work proposed the Heartland Theory, central to geopolitical thought.

E. H. Kissinger wrote the book ‘Ending the Vietnam War’: (Correct). Published in 2003, Kissinger’s book reflects on his role in shaping U.S. foreign policy during the Vietnam War era.

B. Kautilya wrote the book ‘The Prince’: (Incorrect). The Prince was written by Niccolò Machiavelli. Kautilya (Chanakya) wrote the Arthashastra, an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft.

C. Antonio Jomini has written the book ‘The Influence of Sea Power Upon History’: (Incorrect). That book was written by Alfred Thayer Mahan in 1890. Jomini wrote works like Summary of the Art of War.

74. Choose the incorrect statements from the below:

A. Benazir Bhutto was assassinated in July 2009.
B. Asif Ali Zardari became Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2008.
C. Bilawal Bhutto Zardari is the Chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party.
D. Yusuf Reza Gillani is the Chairman of Pakistani Senate.
E. Hina Rabbani Khar is the member of Pakistan's National Assembly.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. А, В only
3. В, C, D, E only
4. A, B, C, D, E

Correct Answer: 2. А, В only

Solution:

A. Benazir Bhutto was assassinated in July 2009: (Incorrect). Benazir Bhutto was assassinated on 27 December 2007 during an election rally in Rawalpindi.

B. Asif Ali Zardari became Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2008: (Incorrect). Zardari became President, not Prime Minister, in 2008. The Prime Minister at that time was Yousuf Raza Gillani.

C. Bilawal Bhutto Zardari is the Chairman of Pakistan People’s Party: (Correct). He has led the PPP, succeeding his mother Benazir Bhutto after her assassination.

D. Yousuf Reza Gillani is the Chairman of Pakistani Senate: (Correct). Gillani became Senate Opposition Leader, and as of 2023, holds the post of Chairman of Senate.

E. Hina Rabbani Khar is the member of Pakistan’s National Assembly: (Correct). She has served multiple terms as an elected member of the National Assembly and as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.

75. Choose the incorrect statements related to strategic doctrines:

A. Eisenhower Administration developed the Concept of Massive Retaliation.
B. Japan used the mutual assured destruction policy.
C. Strategic Defence Initiative was first proposed by President George Bush in 1983.
D. Concept of Deterrence is used in Sustainable Development
E. Japan defeated Russia in 1910

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. A, D, E only
3. В, С. D, E only
4. А, B. C, D, E

Correct Answer: 3. В, С. D, E only

Solution:

A. Japan used the mutual assured destruction policy: (Incorrect). MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction) was a Cold War doctrine between the USA and USSR. Japan, a non-nuclear state under the U.S. nuclear umbrella, never adopted it.

C. Strategic Defence Initiative was first proposed by President George Bush in 1983: (Incorrect). The SDI (nicknamed “Star Wars”) was announced by President Ronald Reagan on 23 March 1983.

D. Concept of Deterrence is used in Sustainable Development: (Incorrect). Deterrence is a military concept used to prevent aggression, not associated with sustainable development.

E. Japan defeated Russia in 1910: (Incorrect). Japan defeated Russia in 1905 in the Russo-Japanese War, concluding with the Treaty of Portsmouth.

A. Eisenhower Administration developed the Concept of Massive Retaliation: (Correct). The doctrine of Massive Retaliation was introduced during President Dwight Eisenhower’s administration in the 1950s as part of Cold War nuclear strategy.

Thus, only statement A is correct. All others (B, C, D, E) are incorrect.

76. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Author)	List-II (Book)
A. Samuel P. Huntington	I. Politics
B. Andrew Heywood	II. Third Wave Democratisation in the Late Twentith Century
C. Mahbub ul Haq	III. The United Nations, Peace and Security for Collective Security to the Responsibility to Protect
D. Ramesh Thakur	IV. The Poverty Curtain

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
4. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Correct Answer: 3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Solution:

A. Samuel P. Huntington – II. Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century: Samuel Huntington authored this influential book in 1991, analyzing the waves of democratization in the 20th century.

B. Andrew Heywood – I. Politics: Andrew Heywood is a well-known political science author. His book Politics is widely used in universities and offers a foundational understanding of political theory and institutions.

C. Mahbub ul Haq – IV. The Poverty Curtain: Mahbub ul Haq, a Pakistani economist, wrote The Poverty Curtain in 1976, addressing global economic inequality and advocating for human development.

D. Ramesh Thakur – III. The United Nations, Peace and Security: From Collective Security to the Responsibility to Protect: Ramesh Thakur, a former UN official and international relations scholar, wrote this important work on the evolving role of the UN in global peace and humanitarian intervention.

77. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (World history events)	List-II (Year)
A. F.D. Roosevelt elected U.S. President	I. 1929
B. Stalin begun forced collectivization in Soviet Union	II. 1932
C. Boxer Rebellion in China	III. 1941
D. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour	IV. 1900-1901

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
2. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
4. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 2. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Solution:A. F.D. Roosevelt elected U.S. President - II. 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt was first elected as President of the United States in 1932 during the Great Depression.

B. Stalin began forced collectivization in Soviet Union - I. 1929: Stalin initiated forced agricultural collectivization as part of his First Five-Year Plan in 1929, which led to widespread famine and hardship.

C. Boxer Rebellion in China - IV. 1900-1901: The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising in China, peaking in 1900-1901.

D. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor - III. 1941: On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, prompting the U.S. to enter World War II.

78. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Cold War Events)	List-II (Year)
A. Yuri Gagrin first man in Space	I. 1991
B. Collapse of the Soviet Union	II. 1961
C. Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia	III. 1971
D. Communist China joined the United Nations	IV. 1968

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
2. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
3. А-III, B-I, C-II, D IV
4. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Correct Answer: 1. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Solution:A. Yuri Gagarin first man in space - II. 1961: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space on 12 April 1961 aboard Vostok 1.

B. Collapse of the Soviet Union – I. 1991: The USSR formally dissolved on 26 December 1991, ending the Cold War.

C. Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia - IV. 1968: In August 1968, Soviet-led Warsaw Pact forces invaded Czechoslovakia to suppress the Prague Spring reforms.

D. Communist China joined the United Nations - III. 1971: The People's Republic of China was admitted to the UN on 25 October 1971, replacing the Republic of China (Taiwan) as China's representative

79. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Humanitarian Intervention)	List-II (Year)
A. Somalia	I. 1994
B. Rwanda	II. 1992
C. East Timor	III. 2000
D. Sierra Leone	IV. 1999

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
2. A-III, B-II, C-I, D IV
3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Solution:A. Somalia - II. 1992: In 1992, the UN and U.S. intervened in Somalia for humanitarian purposes amid civil war and famine (UNOSOM missions).

B. Rwanda - I. 1994: The Rwandan Genocide occurred in 1994, and though initial UN response was weak, it led to major reforms in humanitarian intervention policies.

C. East Timor - IV. 1999: In 1999, international forces intervened in East Timor following violence after its independence vote from Indonesia.

D. Sierra Leone - III. 2000: British and UN forces intervened in Sierra Leone in 2000 to halt civil war atrocities and stabilize the nation.

80. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Events)	List-II (Year)
A. Treaty of Versailles	I. 1922
B. Mussolini seized power in Italy	II. 1935
C. Italy invaded Abyssinia	III. 1936
D. Germany reoccupied the Rhineland	IV. 1919

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
3. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Correct Answer: 2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Solution:A. Treaty of Versailles – IV. 1919: The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919, ending World War I and imposing penalties on Germany.

B. Mussolini seized power in Italy - І. 1922: Benito Mussolini came to power in October 1922 through the March on Rome, establishing a fascist dictatorship.

C. Italy invaded Abyssinia - II. 1935: Italy invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in October 1935, leading to international condemnation and exposing the League of Nations' weakness.

D. Germany reoccupied the Rhineland - III. 1936: On 7 March 1936, Nazi Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles by remilitarizing the Rhineland, marking а major step toward WWII.