UGC NET/JRF EXAM, September-2024 WOMEN’S STUDIES

The following techniques are considered part of qualitative research methods:

A. Ethnography: A detailed, in-depth study of people and cultures through direct observation, participation, and interviews.

B. Oral History: A qualitative method where individuals recount personal experiences, often used in historical and feminist research.

D. Case Studies: In-depth examination of an individual, group, or event to explore causes, relationships, and outcomes in real-life contexts.

C. Structural Interviews are usually quantitative, involving predetermined questions with fixed responses and lack the openness of qualitative exploration. Therefore, the correct set of qualitative methods is A, B, and D.

Correct matching of recent global reports with India's rankings (2024/2023):

A. Gender Gap Report 2024 - I. 129: Published by the World Economic Forum, India ranks 129th out of 146 countries in terms of gender parity.

B. Human Development Index 2023-2024 - II. 134: Released by UNDP, India ranks 134th among 193 countries in human development, reflecting factors like health, education, and income.

C. Global Peace Index 2024 - III. 116: Published by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), India is ranked 116th globally in terms of peace and safety.

D. Sustainable Development Report 2024 - IV. 109: Released by Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), India is placed at 109th in SDG performance.

Correct matching of Articles of the Indian Constitution with their respective issues:

A. Article 44 - III. Uniform Civil Code: A Directive Principle of State Policy which suggests the implementation of a common civil code for all citizens regardless of religion.

B. Article 23(a) - I. Trafficking in human beings: Prohibits human trafficking and forced labour, especially significant for protecting women and children.

C. Article 14 - II. Equality before law: Guarantees equality before the law and equal protection to all persons within the territory of India.

D. Article 51(A)(e) - IV. Dignity of Women: A Fundamental Duty, which encourages citizens to renounce practices derogatory to women's dignity and promote gender respect.

Correct chronological order based on year of establishment and historical relevance is as follows:

C. Women India Association - 1917: While this predates the "Towards Equality" report, the correct chronological sequencing in this context should consider relevance to mainstreaming Women's Studies in higher education, where the "Towards Equality" report was more impactful. However, in strict historical chronology, WIA is indeed the earliest, founded by Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, and others. Its role was foundational in women's rights activism in India.

A. Towards Equality Report 1974: - This ground-breaking report by the Committee on the Status of Women in India marked a turning point in gender discourse. It highlighted deep-rooted gender inequalities in education, employment, and health. It provided the policy and academic foundation for the development of Women's Studies in India.

B. Indian Association for Women's Studies (IAWS) - 1982: Established in 1982, IAWS is an academic and activist forum committed to the promotion of Women's Studies as a discipline in Indian universities. It played a critical role in legitimizing feminist discourse within academia.

D. Establishment of Women's Studies Centres (WSCs) - from 1986 onward: After the influence of the IAWS and the Towards Equality report, the UGC began funding Women's Studies Centres across Indian universities. These centers became institutional homes for teaching, research, and advocacy on gender issues.

Section 354A of the Indian Penal Code was added through the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, which criminalized sexual harassment at the workplace and in general.

This section defines sexual harassment and prescribes punishment for acts such as:

• Unwelcome physical contact and advances
• A demand or request for sexual favours
• Showing pornography against the will of a woman

Making sexually coloured remarks The 2013 law was a result of the Justice Verma Committee recommendations following the 2012 Delhi gang rape case. This law brought legal clarity and enforcement provisions for Sexual Harassment at Workplace and in public spaces.

Correct matching of concepts with definitions:

A. Production of Goods and Services - III. When an activity results in a valuable and a useful thing: Production is defined as the process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs to make something useful.

B. Emotional Labour - I. Softer emotions, those required in relational tasks, such as caring and nurturing that disappear most often from job description, performance evaluation, and salary calculation: Coined by Arlie Hochschild, emotional labour refers to the management of emotions as part of one's professional role, especially common in caregiving, hospitality, and teaching.

C. Fiscal Responsibility IV. Measures and costs and benefits that fail to capture the full contributions of social protection goals and developments and hence it is real marginal costs: Fiscal responsibility deals with maintaining balance in government revenue and expenditure, but often overlooks social dimensions like unpaid care work or women's contribution to informal sectors.

D. Migrant - II. A person who has moved from one politically defined area to another similar area: A migrant refers to someone who relocates, either temporarily or permanently, within or across borders, typically for work, education, or safety.

Correct match of schemes with their launch years:

A. Mid Day Meal Scheme - IV. 1995: Launched under the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education to boost school attendance and nutritional status of children.

B. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan - III. 2001: A flagship program aimed at achieving universal elementary education in India.

C. District Primary Education Programme - І. 1994: Preceded SSA and focused on district-specific planning for primary education, especially in backward areas.

D. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme - II. 2015: Launched to address declining child sex ratio and promote girl child education and empowerment, particularly in districts with low female literacy and birth ratio.

Correct matching of gender-related concepts with their definitions: A. Feminism - IV. An ideological position that struggles to free all women: Feminism is a movement and ideology that seeks gender equality by challenging patriarchy, discrimination, and systemic oppression.

B. Feminist Education - III. Pursuit and development of knowledge about women: Involyes teaching and curriculum design that centers women's experiences, dismantles gender stereotypes, and promotes empowerment.

C. Female - II. Physical and biological distinction: Refers to the biological sex characteristics of a person, as distinguished from gender, which is socially constructed.

D. Femininity I. Social, cultural, and psychological transformation of gender: Refers to the culturally constructed behaviours, roles, and attributes considered appropriate for women in a given society.

Correct chronological sequence of W.W. Rostow's Five Stages of Economic Growth (1960):

D. Traditional Society: Economy based on subsistence agriculture and limited technology.

E. Pre-conditions for Take-off: Infrastructure development, increased investments, and an entrepreneurial class start emerging.

A. Take-off Stage: Rapid growth in select sectors and significant economic transformation.

B. Drive to Maturity: Technological advancements spread across economy; industries diversify.

C. Age of High Mass-Consumption: Shift towards consumer goods and services, with increased disposable incomes and urbanization.

Types of interviews used in research and data collection:

A. Structured Interviews: Involve a fixed set of questions asked in the same way and order for every respondent, typically used in quantitative research.

B. Telephonic Interviews: A type of remote interview where responses are collected via telephone, useful in reaching respondents at a distance.

D. Non-directive Interviews: Also known as unstructured interviews, these allow respondents to speak freely, commonly used in qualitative research.

C. Multiple-choice Interviews is not a standard interview type. Multiple-choice is a questionnaire format, not a form of interview.