UGC-NET (NTA) Human Rights and Duties, December-2023

Total Questions: 30

1. Which of the following theorists is not proponent of the liberal perspective?

Correct Answer: C. Anton Gramsci
Solution:

Anton Gramsci is not a proponent of the liberal perspective unlike John Locke, Thomas Paine, and J.S. Mill, who are key figures in the development of liberal political philosophy.
Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher and communist politician who developed the theory of cultural hegemony, which is critical of the liberal capitalist framework and focuses on how states use cultural institutions to maintain power.

2. The number of Judges of the European Court on Human Right (ECEHR) are structured on the basis of:

Correct Answer: A. One Judge per member State
Solution:

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is structured to have one judge from each member state of the Council of Europe.
This ensures that each member state is represented in the court, allowing for a broad perspective on human rights issues that are brought before it. This structure is intended to maintain fairness and representation from all member states in judicial decisions.

3. Which provision of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that "everyone has the right to a nationality"?

Correct Answer: B. Article 15, paragraph 1
Solution:

Article 15, paragraph 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that "everyone has the right to a nationality".
This provision is essential as it addresses issues of statelessness and assures that every person has the right to be recognized as a national by a state, which is crucial for enjoying a range of other rights and legal protections.

4. The case of Vishakha and others vs State of Rajasthan is with reference to which of the following Act?

Correct Answer: C. Sexual Harassment of Women at work place Act (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act
Solution:

The case of Vishakha and others vs State of Rajasthan led to the establishment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act.
This landmark judgement by the Supreme Court of India outlined basic guidelines to prevent sexual harassment of women at work until a formal act was passed by the Parliament in 2013.

5. When was the Convention relative to the treatment of the prisoners of war approved in Geneva?

Correct Answer: A. On August 12, 1949
Solution:

The Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War was approved in Geneva on August 12, 1949. This date marks the adoption of the Third Geneva Convention, which specifically covers the treatment of prisoners of war during times of armed conflict.
This convention provides a wide range of protections for POWs, ensuring they are treated humanely and in accordance with the law.

6. Human Right committee draws it competence to consider a complaint from:

Correct Answer: B. Second optional Protocol of ICCPR
Solution:

The Human Rights Committee draws its competence to consider a complaint from the Second Optional Protocol of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
This protocol specifically allows the committee to receive and consider communications from individuals claiming to be victims of violations of the rights set forth in the ICCPR by States Parties to the Protocol.
This enables individuals to bring complaints directly to the international level, enhancing the enforcement of human rights.

7. Which of the following is a book not authored by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi?

Correct Answer: C. Revisiting Hind Swaraj
Solution:

"Revisiting Hind Swaraj" is not authored by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi wrote several key works on political philosophy and ethics, including "Hind Swaraj", "Sarvodaya", and "Satyagraha in South Africa", which reflect his thoughts on nonviolent resistance and societal structures. "Revisiting Hind Swaraj" is likely a modern interpretation or critique of his original work, rather than a piece authored by Gandhi himself.

8. Which of the provisions of the UN charter mentions about UN intervention in matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state?

Correct Answer: C. Article 2, paragraph 7
Solution:

Article 2, paragraph 7 of the UN Charter mentions the principle of non-intervention, stating that the United Nations is not authorized to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state unless this intervention is requested by the state itself under specific circumstances, such as enforcement measures under Chapter VII of the Charter.
This provision is crucial in respecting the sovereignty of nations while balancing the UN's role in maintaining international peace and security.

9. The National Commission for Minorities Act came into force on_______.

Correct Answer: D. 17 May, 1992
Solution:

The National Commission for Minorities Act came into force on 17 May, 1992. This act established the National Commission for Minorities in India, providing a framework for evaluating the progress of the development of minorities and monitoring the enforcement of safeguards provided in the Constitution and laws enacted by Parliament and the state legislatures.

10. Which of the following generations of Human Rights are concerned with Economic Social and Cultural Right?

Correct Answer: B. 2nd Generation
Solution:

The 2nd Generation of Human Rights concerns economic, social, and cultural rights. These rights, which include the rights to education, health, and adequate living standards, are essential for the well-being and development of individuals.
They focus on ensuring equality and are characterized by being necessary for the dignity and free development of personality, forming a critical part of the international human rights framework established post-World War II.