UGC-NET (NTA) Human Rights and Duties, FEBRUARY-2023

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:

In a democratic society as a member of the organized civil community one should have permanent shelter as to physically, mentally and intellectually equip oneself to improve his excellence as a useful citizen as enjoined in the Fundamental Duties and to be a useful citizen and equal participant in democracy.
The ultimate object of making a man equipped with right to dignity of person and equality of status is. to enable him to develop himself into a cultured being.
Want of decent residence, therefore, frustrates the very object of the Constitutional animation of right to equality, economic justice, fundamental right to residence, dignity of person and right to live itself. Socio-economic justice, equality of status and of opportunity and dignity of person to foster the fraternity among all the sections of the society in an integrated Bharat is the arch of the Constitution set down in its preamble.
Articles 38 and 39 enjoin the State to provide facilities and opportunities. Articles 38 and 46 of the Constitution enjoin the state to promote welfare of the people by securing social and economic justice to the weaker sections of the society to minimize inequalities in income and endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status.
In that case, it was held that to bring the Dalits and the Tribes into the mainstream of national life, the State was to provide facilities and opportunities as it is the duty of the State to fulfil the basic human and constitutional rights to residents so as to make the right to life meaningful.
For being useful citizen and equal participant in democracy, one needs:

Correct Answer: D. A Permanent Shelter
Solution:

A permanent shelter is a foundational necessity for any individual to be a useful citizen and an equal participant in a democracy. The passage emphasizes that in a democratic society, having a permanent shelter is essential for an individual to physically, mentally, and intellectually equip oneself.
With a stable residence, an individual can focus on personal development, contribute effectively to society, and fulfill their responsibilities as enumerated in the Fundamental Duties.
Without a place to call home, it becomes challenging to participate actively and equally in democratic processes.

92. What frustrates the very object of the Right to Equality?

Correct Answer: D. Want of decent residence
Solution:

The very essence of Right to Equality, as highlighted in the passage, is frustrated by the "want of decent residence." A dignified living environment is a crucial component of ensuring that all individuals have equal opportunities to succeed.
When people lack a decent place to live, it impacts not only their physical well-being but also their mental and intellectual growth.
Consequently, such individuals may find it challenging to achieve their full potential, which in turn affects their ability to contribute effectively to society.

93. The Preamble to the Constitution of India provides for:

Correct Answer: C. Socio-economic justice
Solution:

The Preamble to the Constitution of India sets the overarching goal of achieving socioeconomic justice. While it encompasses various ideals, socio-economic justice stands out as a vital component, ensuring that all individuals, irrespective of their socioeconomic backgrounds, have access to opportunities and a fair chance at success.
The Preamble envisions a society where there is a just distribution of resources, opportunities, and benefits, ensuring that all citizens can lead a life of dignity and contribute meaningfully to nation-building.

94. Fostering fraternity among all the sections of the society in an integrated Bharat would be possible by:

Correct Answer: A. Providing equality of status and of opportunities
Solution:

Fostering fraternity among all sections of society in an integrated India can be best achieved by "providing equality of status and opportunities." When every individual, regardless of their background, has equal opportunities and enjoys a similar status, it creates a sense of unity and togetherness.
Such a society is more likely to be harmonious, with reduced socio-economic disparities and heightened mutual respect among its members. Ensuring equality in both status and opportunities is pivotal in building a truly integrated and united nation.

95. The ultimate objective of rècognizing the 'right to dignity' of a person and equality of status is:

Correct Answer: B. To enable him to develop himself into а cultured being
Solution:

The recognition of the "right to dignity" of a person and equality of status has an ultimate objective "to enable him to develop himself into a cultured being." The passage elucidates that the essence of these rights isn't just about the provision of basic needs or opportunities, but to empower individuals to cultivate themselves into refined, educated, and enlightened beings.
A society filled with such individuals is likely to be more progressive, understanding, and harmonious. The holistic development of its citizens is at the core of any democratic nation's goals.

96. Read the following passage and answer the questions:

The UN Conference on Human Environment at Stockholm in 1972 drew world attention to environments. Taking note of it, the Government of India established a separate wing in the Ministry of Science and Technology.
In 1985, an independent Ministry of Environment and Forests was created. Prior to this, Article 48-A was inserted in the Constitution of India as a directive principle.
Under this provision, the State is mandated to make endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. Article 51 (A)(g) of the Constitution imposes a duty on every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures.
Besides, Parliament has enacted a number of laws supplemented by rules and regulations dealing with environment.
Some of the notable legislations include the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; the Wild life (Protection) Act, 1972; the Forests (Conservation) Act, 1980; the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; the National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997; and the National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995.
Where was the UN conference on Human Environment held in 1972? 

Correct Answer: C. Stockholm
Solution:

The UN Conference on Human Environment in 1972 took place in Stockholm. This conference was significant as it marked the first time the international community came together to address global environmental challenges.
The conference facilitated discussions on integrating human interactions with the environment and its subsequent impacts on both human health and natural ecosystems.
It served as a crucial platform for recognizing the importance of preserving the environment for future generations.

97. Government of India created a separate wing in the Ministry of Science and Technology for environmental matters consequent to the_______.

Correct Answer: B. Stockholm Conference
Solution:

The Government of India's decision to establish a separate wing in the Ministry of Science and Technology dedicated to ervironmental matters was a direct consequence of the Stockholm Conference.
The conference in Stockholm acted as a catalyst, drawing attention to pressing environmental concerns worldwide. Recognizing the importance of addressing these challenges, the Indian government took proactive steps to streamline its focus on environmental protection and conservation, which culminated in the establishment of this dedicated wing.

98. India created an independent Ministry of Environment and Forests only in the year______.

Correct Answer: B. 1985
Solution:

The independent Ministry of Environment and Forests in India was created in 1985. The establishment of this ministry underscores the importance that the Government of India placed on environmental conservation and sustainable development.
With a standalone ministry, India aimed to address various ecological challenges more effectively, including deforestation, pollution, and wildlife conservation, among others.
This ministry played a pivotal role in framing policies, legislations, and regulations that promote the sustainable utilization of the country's natural resources.

99. In India, the State is mandated to endeavour to protect the environment as a matter of Directive Principle of State Policy under_______.

Correct Answer: D. Article 48-A
Solution:

Article 48-A of the Constitution of India, inserted as a Directive Principle of State Policy, mandates the State to make an endeavour to protect and improve the environment. It also emphasizes safeguarding the forests and wildlife of the country. Directive Principles are fundamental guidelines for the governance of the country, provided to the states.
Although they are non-justiciable, meaning they can't be enforced by courts, they hold moral and legislative weight.
Article 48-A specifically underscores the state's responsibility towards preserving and enhancing the nation's natural heritage.

100. A duty is imposed on every Indian citizen to protect and improve the natural environment and to have compassion for living creatures under______.

Correct Answer: D. Article 51-A (g)
Solution:

Every Indian citizen is endowed with a duty to protect and, improve the natural environment under Article 51-A(g) of the Constitution. This article emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between citizens and their environment.
It entrusts individuals with the responsibility to not only safeguard natural resources like forests, lakes, and rivers but also to exhibit compassion for living creatures.
By imbibing these duties in the Constitution, India ensures that environmental conservation isn't just a governmental responsibility but a collective endeavor, where every citizen plays a part.