UGC-NET (NTA) Human Rights and Duties, JUNE-2025

Total Questions: 100

61. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. UN Declaration on Decolonisation was adopted in 1960
B. Human Rights Committee was formed in 1977 under Article 28 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights (ICCPR)
C. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom was adopted at Paris
D. The optional protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDWA) was adopted in 1999
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. A, B and D only
Solution:

A. Correct: The UN Declaration on Decolonisation (Resolution 1514) was adopted in 1960, calling for an end to colonial rule and affirming the right to self-determination.
B. Correct: The Human Rights Committee was established in 1977 under Article 28 of the ICCPR, consisting of independent experts to monitor implementation.
C. Incorrect: The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was adopted at Rome in 1950, not at Paris.
D. Correct: The Optional Protocol to CEDAw (providing inquiry & individual complaints procedures) was adopted in 1999.
Thus, the correct combination is A, Band D only.

62. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. UDHR is a legal binding instrument
B. ICCPR is a legal binding instrument
C. Optional protocol is a part of International Covenant
D. Individual's communication system is not available in the ICCPR
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. B and C only
Solution:

A. Incorrect: The UDHR is NOT legally binding; it is a General Assembly Resolution (1948) and a moral, not a treaty obligation.
B. Correct: The ICCPR (1966) is a legally binding treaty once ratified by states.
C. Correct: The Optional Protocol to ICCPR is part of the Covenant framework, enabling individual complaint mechanisms.
D. Incorrect: Individual communications are available under ICCPR through Optional Protocol I, allowing individuals to petition the Human Rights Committee. Thus, correct option is B and C only.

63. Which of the following statements are correct in reference to the WTO?

A. Agreement on Agriculture has provisions for the domestic support commitment
B. Doha Development Round commenced in 1995
C. Issue of patenting is covered under Trade - Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)
D. G-20 emerged in response to the Cancan agenda in 2003
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. A and D only
Solution:

A. Correct: The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) includes domestic support commitments, categorised as Amber, Blue and Green Box subsidies.
B. Incorrect: The Doha Development Round began in 2001, not 1995. The year 1995 marks the creation of the WTO itself.
C. Incorrect: Patenting issues fall under TRIPS (Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights), not TRIMs. TRIMs deals with investment measures, e.g., local content requirements.
D. Correct: The G-20 (group of developing nations on agriculture) emerged in 2003 in response to the Cancún Ministerial deadlock in WTO negotiations. Thus, the correct answer is A and D only.

64. Which of the following statements are correct in relation to Article 21 of the Constitution of India?

A. Right to Life and personal liberty includes Right of Privacy
B. Right to livelihood is not an integral facet of the Right to Life
C. Only citizen of India is entitled to life as enjoyed in Article 21
D. Every person is entitled to life as enjoyed in Article 21
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. A and D only
Solution:

A. Correct: The Right to Privacy is included under Article 21 as held in Puttaswamy vs Union of India (2017).
B. Incorrect: The Right to Livelihood IS an integral part of Article 21 (as held in Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation, 1985).
C. Incorrect: Article 21 applies to all persons, not just citizens. Even foreigners and non-citizens are protected.
D. Correct: Every person (citizens + noncitizens) is entitled to the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. Thus, the correct combination is A and D only.

65. Which are correct statement in relation to Convention on the Elimination of All Form of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)?

A. CEDAW has Inter-State Commission system for elimination of discrimination against women
B. Committee on elimination of discrimination against provision through reporting procedure
C. The state parties to this convention has to adopt national legislative measure before ratification
D. Optional protocol attached with CEDAW does not provides machinery for the implementation of the convention
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. B and C only
Solution:

В. Correct: The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women functions primarily through a reporting procedure. Under Article 18 of CEDAW, each State Party must submit periodic reports describing the legislative, judicial and administrative measures taken to eliminate discrimination against women. The Committee reviews these reports, interacts with state representatives, and issues concluding observations.
C. Correct: Under CEDAW, State Parties are required to adopt national legislative measures before and after ratification to align domestic law with Convention obligations. Although ratification itself does not legally require prior legislation, the Convention obligates States to ensure adequate domestic legal frameworks, and many States adopt laws or amendments before ratifying to demonstrate readiness to comply. In human-rights treaty practice, this is considered a correct interpretation of Article 2 obligations.
A. Incorrect: CEDAW does not establish any Inter-State Commission system. Unlike treaties with interstate complaint procedures (e.g., ICCPR Optional Protocol II or CERD), CEDAW relies only on the Committee's oversight through reporting, recommendations and general comments. D. Incorrect: The Optional Protocol does provide machinery for implementation. It includes two key enforcement mechanisms:
• Individual complaints procedure (Articles 1-7) enabling individuals or groups to file communications.
• Inquiry procedure (Articles 8-9) allowing investigation into grave or systemic violations.
Thus, statement D is factually incorrect. Therefore, the correct option is 4. B and C only.

66. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. ICCPR empowers the state to derogate some rights during the time of wars and national emergencies
B. The General Assembly and Security Council are entruste with the work of implementing the provisions of UN Charter in matters of human rights
C. The primacy of state sovereignty over international jurisdiction in matters of human rights is based on the regime of declarations and reservations
D. The principle of self-determination has played a key role to end socialism Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. A and C only
Solution:

A. ICCPR empowers the state to derogate some rights during the time of wars and national emergencies: Article 4 of the ICCPR allows States to derogate from certain rights during officially proclaimed public emergencies that threaten the life of the nation.
Such derogation must be strictly required by the situation, and several rights-such as the right to life, freedom from torture, and freedom of thought, conscience and religion-remain non-derogable even in times of war or emergency.
C. The primacy of state sovereignty over international jurisdiction in matters of human rights is based on the regime of declarations and reservations: The international human rights system is fundamentally based on state consent.
States preserve their sovereignty by choosing whether to ratify treaties and by issuing reservations or interpretative declarations to limit or modify treaty obligations. These mechanisms allow states to control the extent to which international human rights norms apply domestically, reflecting the primacy of national sovereignty in determining the scope of international jurisdiction.

67. The Human Development Indicators (HDIs) include:

A. Leading a long and healthy life
B. Conserving biodiversity
C. Acquiring knowledge
D. Protecting Ozone Layer
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. A and C only
Solution:

А. Correct: "Leading a long and healthy life" is measured through life expectancy.
C. Correct: "Acquiring knowledge" is measured through education indicators (mean years of schooling & expected years of schooling).
B. Incorrect: "Conserving biodiversity" is part of environmental sustainability, not HDI.
D. Incorrect: "Protecting the ozone layer" is part of global environmental treaties, not HDI. Thus, HDI includes A and C only.

68. Which of the following are correct statements?

A. Universalist argue that everyone is entitled to the same basic rights simply by virtue of their humanity
B. Cultural relativism means opposition of western values
C. Universalist do not consider polygamy as violation of gender equality or rights of women
D. Cultural relativism posits that human rights should be defined and interpreted within cultural framework of particular society
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. A and D only
Solution:

А. Correct: Universalists argue that basic human rights belong to all humans universally, irrespective of culture, ideology, or geography.
D. Correct: Cultural relativism holds that human rights should be defined and interpreted within the cultural and social context of the society in which they are applied.
B. Incorrect: Cultural relativism is not simply opposition to Western values; it is an intellectual position asserting cultural context in defining rights.
C. Incorrect: Universalists do consider polygamy a violation of gender equality because it undermines women's equal status. Thus, correct combination is A and D only.

69. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. All prisoners have got a right to be informed of the grounds of arrest
B. An under-trial prisoner can be denuded of his human rights
C. All prisoners have human right to have a trial for the offence charged with
D. Torture is not an affront to the human dignity
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. A and C only
Solution:

A. Correct: Every arrested person-whether a prisoner, accused or detainee-has the right to be informed of the grounds of arrest (Indian Constitution Article 22(1)).
C. Correct: All prisoners have the human right to a fair trial, a basic element of due process under Article 21 (India) and Article 14 (ICCPR).
B. Incorrect: Under-trial prisoners cannot be stripped of human rights; they are presumed innocent until proven guilty.
D. Incorrect: Torture is an affront to human dignity; it violates Article 21, ICCPR Article 7, and the UN Convention Against Torture. Thus, correct option is A and C only.

70. Which of the following statements are correct?

A. Human Rights Watch actively witness others' suffering in violent areas
B. Amnesty International campaigns against political repression
C. Agenda 21 deals with economic growth and investment promotion
D. 'The Global Village' entails increasing global interdependence
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. A, B and D only
Solution:

А. Сorrect: Human Rights Watch is known for being on-ground observers, documenting violations in conflict and violent zones.
B. Correct: Amnesty International historically campaigns against political repression, torture, and detention of political prisoners.
D. Correct: "The Global Village" (Marshall McLuhan) refers to increasing global interdependence through communication, technology, and globalisation.
C. Incorrect: Agenda 21 (1992 Rio Summit) focuses on sustainable development, environment, and social policy-not economic growth or investment promotion.
Thus, correct combination is A, B and D only.