UGC-NET (NTA) Human Rights and Duties, JUNE-2025

B. There exists a single National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India: This is not correct. Originally there was a single NCSC–NST Commission, but the 89th Constitutional Amendment (2003) bifurcated it into two separate constitutional bodies: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
C. National Commission for Minorities has been accorded the status of a constitutional body: Incorrect. The National Commission for Minorities is created by the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992, making it a statutory body, not a constitutional one.
D. NCPCR contains representation from children aged 12–18 years: Incorrect. The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights includes a chairperson + six members, two of whom must be women, but no child representative is included in the Commission.
Thus, statements B, C and D are not correct.

B. Concept of secularism is the basic feature of Indian Constitution: Correct. The Supreme Court has repeatedly held (e.g., S.R. Bommai vs Union of India, 1994) that secularism is part of the basic structure.
D. Right to move the Supreme Court for enforcing fundamental rights is a fundamental right: Correct. Article 32 is itself a fundamental right, called the “heart and soul of the Constitution” by Dr. Ambedkar.
A. Incorrect: Article 21 does not permit “right to die.” The Supreme Court ruled that right to life does not include right to die, except in limited passive euthanasia under strict guidelines (Common Cause v. Union of India, 2018).
C. Incorrect: Article 17 deals with abolition of untouchability. Equality of opportunity in public employment is Article 16.
Thus, correct statements: B and D only.

B. Except for quo warranto, PIL is not maintainable in service matters: Correct. Service matters affect individual rights, so PILs are not allowed, except quo warranto challenging wrongful public office appointments.
C. PIL is a proceeding where an individual seeks relief for public interest: Correct. PIL aims to protect collective rights, not personal grievances; courts entertain it to address violations affecting the larger public or disadvantaged groups.
A. Incorrect: The Uniform Civil Code (Article 44) has no such 30% minority requirement; it is a Directive Principle applicable to the entire country.
D. Incorrect: Even during a National Emergency, only Article 19 rights are automatically suspended. Other rights continue unless specifically suspended under Article 359.
Thus, correct combination is B and C only.

A. Grassroot movements entail participatory democracy: Correct. Grassroot movements involve direct participation of local communities in decision-making, ensuring bottom-up democratic processes.
D. Grassroot movements can empower marginalised sections: Correct. These movements often focus on Dalits, tribal groups, women, farmers, and labourers, enabling representation and empowerment.
B. Incorrect: Political mobilisation is not a necessary condition; many grassroots movements are community-driven without formal political mobilisation.
C. Incorrect: Environmental movements such as Chipko Movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Silent Valley Movement are classic examples of grassroots environmental struggles.
Thus, correct combination: A and D only

A. Domestic Violence Act 2005 is not gender neutral: Correct. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005) specifically protects women, not men, making it a gender-specific law.
C. Equal wage for women is necessary for gender equity: Correct. Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 and constitutional mandate under Article 39(d) promote equal pay for equal work, a core requirement for gender equality.
B. Incorrect: Reservation for women is not the only means of empowerment; education, legal reforms, health security, property rights and safety laws are equally important.
D. Incorrect: The statement is vague but incorrect in essence; rights of women can be protected in patriarchal society, but the statement does not represent a correct legal or conceptual principle in this context. Thus, correct combination is A and C only.

A. Article 14 → III. Equality Before Law: Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws to all persons.
B. Article 19 → I. Freedom of Speech and Expression: Article 19(1)(a) specifically protects freedom of speech and expression, along with other freedoms.
C. Article 21 → IV. Protection of life and personal liberty: Article 21 secures the right to life and personal liberty, interpreted expansively.
D. Article 21A → II. Right to Education: Article 21A (inserted by the 86th Anendment, 2002) guarantees free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14. Thus, correct matching is A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

A. Sunder Lal Bahuguna → II. Chipko Movement: He was a principal leader of the Chipko movement, advocating Himalayan forest conservation.
B. Medha Patkar → IV. Narmada Bachao Andolan: Founder and face of the NBA, opposing displacement due to Sardar Sarovar Dam.
C. Jyotiba PhuleI. Satya Shodhak Samaj: Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj (1873) to fight caste oppression.
D. Devendra Nath Tagore → III. Tattvabodhini Sabha: He revived and expanded the Tattvabodhini Sabha (founded 1839) promoting Brahmo reform ideas. Correct matching: A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III.

A. UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities → III. 2006: Adopted in 2006, it protects rights of persons with disabilities.
B. UN Human Rights Conference, Tehran → IV. 1968: The. International Human Rights Conference (Tehran) took place in 1968, reviewing 20 years since UDHR.
C. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights→ II. 1981: Adopted in 1981, also known as the Banjul Charter.
D. UN Diplomatic Conference on ICC (Rome) →I. 1998: The Rome Conference in 1998 adopted the Rome Statute establishing ICC. Thus, correct matching is A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I.

A. First Geneva Convention → II. Protection of wounded and sick in armed forces in the field: First Convention (1949, original 1864).
B. Second Geneva Convention → III. Protection of wounded, sick and shipwrecked at sea: Expanded protections to naval forces.
C. Third Geneva Convention → IV. Treatment of Prisoners of War: Detailed rights of POWs.
D. Fourth Geneva Convention → I. Protection of civilian persons in times of war: Safeguards civilians during conflicts. Thus, correct mapping A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

A. Human Rights Council → II. 2006: HRC was created in 2006, replacing the old Commission.
B. UN Commission of Human Rights → І. 1946: The original UNCHR was created in 1946 under ECOSOC.
C. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights→ IV. 1993: The UHCHR post was established in 1993 after the Vienna Conference.
D. UN-Women → II. 2010: UN-Women was formed in 2010 by merging several gender-related UN bodies. Correct matching is A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III.