UGC-NET (NTA) Human Rights and Duties, SEPTEMBER-2024

Total Questions: 100

81. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Organisation)	List-II (Year of Establishment)
A. Amnesty International	I. 1978
B. Human Rights Watch	II. 1961
C. African Commission on Human and People's Rights	IП. 1986
D. European Court of Human Rights	IV. 1958

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
4. A-III, B-IV C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

Solution:

This question correctly matches major human rights organisations with their year of establishment:
A. Amnesty International - II. 1961: A global NGO focused on human rights advocacy, founded in the UK in 1961 by Peter Benenson.
B. Human Rights Watch - I. 1978: Initially started as "Helsinki Watch" in 1978 to monitor compliance with the Helsinki Accords.
C. African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights - III. 1986: Established under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights to promote and protect rights in African Union member states.
D. European Court of Human RightsIV. 1958: Created under the European Convention on Human Rights and became operational in 1959. Thus, all matches in Option 1 are accurate.

82. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Concept)	List-II (Meaning)
A. Complex equality	I. Self-realisation
B. Positive freedom	II. Equality of opportunity
C. Social justice in the context of deserts	IП. System of distribution that does not try to equalise all goods
D. Formal equality	IV. Giving each person what is due

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. А-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Correct Answer: 1. А-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

This question matches philosophical concepts with their correct interpretations:
A. Complex equality - III. System of distribution that does not try to equalise all goods: Proposed by Michael Walzer, this idea rejects one-size-fits-all equality; different goods (education, wealth, etc.) should be distributed based on different criteria.
B. Positive freedom - I. Self-realisation: Refers to the capacity to act upon one's free will, as theorized by Isaiah Berlin and others, emphasizing autonomy and self-mastery.
C. Social justice in context of deserts - IV. Giving each person what is due: Based on merit, desert-based justice rewards individuals according to effort or contribution.
D. Formal equality - II. Equality of opportunity: Formal equality ensures equal legal rights and opportunities, not necessarily equal outcomes. Hence, Option 1 correctly represents the match.

83. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Pre Independence Activity)	List-II (Year)
A. Cripps Mission	I. 1950
B. Cabinet Mission from Britain	Π. 1947
C. Mountbatten Plan	III. 1946
D. Commencement of Constitution	IV. 1942

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
2. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. А-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

Correct Answer: 1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Solution:

This question links major pre- and postindependence events with their respective years:
A. Cripps Mission - IV. 1942: Sent by British PM Winston Churchill to offer dominion status to India; rejected by Indian leaders.
B. Cabinet Mission from Britain - III. 1946: Sent to negotiate terms for India's independence and suggest a federal structure.
C. Mountbatten Plan – II. 1947: Proposed the partition of India, leading to the formation of India and Pakistan.
D. Commencement of Constitution - I. 1950: The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, marking the birth of the Republic. Therefore, all pairings in Option 1 are accurate.

84. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Acts)	List-II (Years)
A. Surrogacy (Regulation) Act	I. 2016
B. Information Technology Act	Π. 2021
C. Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act	III. 2000
D. Anti-Hijacking Act	IV. 1994

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. А I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. А-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
4. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

Correct Answer: 3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Solution:

This question matches important acts with their years of enactment:
A. Surrogacy (Regulation) Act - II. 2021: Enacted to regulate ethical surrogacy, allowing only altruistic surrogacy for Indian married couples.
B. Information Technology Act - III. 2000: Provides legal recognition for electronic commerce and cybercrime laws.
C. Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act – IV. 1994: Regulates removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purposes.
D. Anti-Hijacking Act - I. 2016: Replaced the 1982 Act and provides for stringent punishment for hijacking, including capital punishment in aggravated cases. Thus, Option 3 correctly pairs the Acts with their years.

85. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Judgement /Case)	List-II (Main Point of Law)
A. Hussain Khatoon Vs. Home Secretary	I. Improve living conditions of inmates at protective home for women
B. Sheela Barse Vs. State of Maharashtra	Π. Compensation in case of custodial torture
C. Rudul Shah Vs. State of Bihar	III. Custodial violence against women
D. Upendra Baxi Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh	IV. Petition on behalf of prisoners long awaiting trials

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
2. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
3. А-I, B-IV, C-I, D-II
4. А-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

Correct Answer: 1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Solution:

This question associates landmark judicial decisions with their core legal significance:
A. Hussain Khatoon vs Home Secretary - IV. Petition on behalf of prisoners long awaiting trials: Filed for release of undertrial women prisoners in Bihar jails.
B. Sheela Barse vs State of Maharashtra - III. Custodial violence against women: A PIL that addressed the inhumane treatment of women prisoners.
C. Rudul Shah vs State of Bihar II. Compensation in case of custodial torture: The court awarded monetary compensation for unlawful detention - a landmark in recognizing state liability.
D. Upendra Baxi vs State of Uttar Pradesh - I. Improve living conditions of inmates at protective home for women: Highlighted the deplorable conditions of women in protective homes.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

86. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Authors)	List-II (Books)
A. Winston Churchill	I. Two Concepts of Liberty
B. Eve Ensler	Π. The Great Democracies
C. Barrack Obama	III. Vaginal Monologues
D. Isaiah Berlin	IV. Audacity of Hope

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
4. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Correct Answer: 2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Solution:

This question matches authors with their notable works:
A. Winston Churchill - II. The Great Democracies: This is Volume 4 of A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, authored by Churchill.
B. Eve Ensler - III. The Vagina Monologues: A revolutionary feminist play that highlights women's experiences, voices, and bodily autonomy.
C. Barack Obama - IV. The Audacity of Hope: A bestselling political memoir that outlines Obama's vision for America.
D. Isaiah Berlin -I. Two Concepts of Liberty: A fundamental political theory essay distinguishing between positive and negative liberty.
Thus, the correct match is Option 2.

87. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Conference)	List-II (Place)
A. Fourth World Conference on Women' 1995	I. Vienna
B. World Conference on Human Rights, 1993	Π. Tehran
C. International Conference on Human Rights, 1968	III. Durban
D. World Conference on Racism, 2001	IV. Beijing

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
3. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
4. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

Correct Answer: 1. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Solution:

This question connects significant global human rights conferences to their host cities:
A. Fourth World Conference on Women, 1995 - IV. Beijing: A landmark event promoting women's rights globally; led to the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.
B. World Conference on Human Rights, 1993 - I. Vienna: Resulted in the Vienna Declaration, reaffirming commitment to the universality of human rights.
C. International Conference on Human Rights, 1968 - II. Tehran: First international human rights conference, convened by the UN to assess progress.
D. World Conference on Racism, 2001 - III. Durban: Addressed issues of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia, and related intolerance. Hence, the correct matching is Option 1.

88. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Provisions of Indian Constitution)	List-II (Article No. in the Indian Constitution)
A. No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according the procedure established by law	I. Art. 25
B. The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, place of birth	Π. Art. 21
C. To move freely throughout the territory of India	III. Art. 15
D. Freedom of conscience, and free to profess, practice and propagate religion	IV. Art. 19(d)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
4. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

Correct Answer: 2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Solution:

This question relates constitutional provisions to their respective Article numbers in the Indian Constitution:
A. No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law - II. Article 21: A fundamental right protecting individual liberty and life.
B. The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, place of birth - III. Article 15: Prohibits discrimination by the state on specific grounds.
C. To move freely throughout the territory of India - IV. Article 19(d): Freedom of movement within the country is part of Article 19(1)(d). D. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion - I. Article 25: Ensures religious freedom. Thus, Option 2 provides the correct matches.

89. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Titles of Books)	List-II (Feminist Authors)
A. Gender Trouble	I. Ann Oakley
B. Woman's Work: The Household, Past and Present	II. Juliet Mitchell
C. Psychoanalysis and Feminism	III. Bell Hooks
D. Yearning: Race Gender and Cultural Politics	IV. Judith Butler

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Solution:

This question correctly matches feminist authors with their books:
A. Gender Trouble - IV. Judith Butler: A foundational text in queer theory and feminist philosophy, challenging gender binaries.
B. Woman's Work: The Household, Past and Present - I. Ann Oakley: A sociological examination of women's domestic labor and its undervaluation.
C. Psychoanalysis and Feminism - II. Juliet Mitchell: Bridges Freud's psychoanalysis with feminist theory, analyzing female subjectivity.
D. Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics - II. Bell Hooks: A seminal work exploring intersections of race, gender, and class in American society.
Hence, Option 3 is accurate.

90. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Thinker)	List-II (Perspective)
A. Gramsci	I. Liberal
B. Thomas Paine	Π. Dalit
C. Narayan Guru	III. Gandhian
D. Thoreau	IV. Marxist

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
2. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III,
4. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

Correct Answer: 3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III,

Solution:

This question links philosophical or political thinkers with their respective ideological perspectives:
A. Antonio Gramsci - IV. Marxist: Known for his theory of cultural hegemony, Gramsci is a prominent Marxist thinker.
B. Thomas Paine - I. Liberal: A key figure of Enlightenment liberalism, advocating for democracy, reason, and individual rights in works like Common Sense.
C. Narayana Guru - II. Dalit: A social reformer and spiritual leader from Kerala, who challenged caste oppression and promoted social equality, especially for Dalits and backward communities.
D. Henry David Thoreau - III. Gandhian: While predating Gandhi, his philosophy of civil disobedience deeply influenced Gandhian thought.
Thus, the correct match is Option 3.