UGC-NET (NTA) LINGUISTICS, JANUARY-2025

Total Questions: 100

31. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Language Families)	List-II (Specific Languages)
A. Indo-Aryan languages	I. Manipuri, Balti
B. Dravidian languages	II. Ho, Nicobarese
C. Tibeto-Burman languages	III. Mahl, Maithili
D. Austro Asiatic languages	IV. Kota, Malto

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Solution:

A. (Indo-Aryan languages) - III: Mahl, Maithili→ Indo-Aryan languages include Mahl (spoken in the Maldives) and Maithili (spoken in India and Nepal).
B. (Dravidian languages) - IV: Kota, Malto → Dravidian languages include Kota (spoken in Tamil Nadu) and Malto (a North Dravidian language).
C. (Tibeto-Burman languages) - I: Manipuri, Balti → Manipuri (Meitei) and Balti are Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in northeastern India and Ladakh respectively.
D. (Austroasiatic languages) - II: Ho, Nicobarese → Ho (spoken in Jharkhand) and Nicobarese (spoken in the Nicobar Islands) belong to the Austroasiatic family.

32. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Sign Language Structure: ASL	I. Siple, P and S.D. Fischer (ed)
B. Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research	II. Lane, H
C. When the Mind Hears	III. Kyle, J.G. and B. Woll (eds)
D. Sign Language: The Study of Deaf People and their Language	IV. W.C. Stokoe

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
2. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
4. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

Correct Answer: 3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Solution:

A. (Sign Language Structure: ASL) - IV: W.C. Stokoe → William C. Stokoe was a pioneer in American Sign Language (ASL) research.
B. (Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research) - I: Siple, P and S.D. Fischer (ed) → This work addresses theoretical discussions on sign linguistics.
C. (When the Mind Hears) - II: Lane, H→Harlan Lane wrote When the Mind Hears, a book on Deaf history.
D. (Sign Language: The Study of Deaf People and their Language) - III: Kyle, J.G. and B. Woll (eds) → This book explores sign language and its social aspects.

33. Out of the six possible structures (of S-V-О) Indian languages are dominantly represented by:

1. SVO
2. SOV
3. VOS
4. VSO

Correct Answer: 2. SOV

Solution:

Most Indian languages (such as Hindi, Tamil, and Bengali) follow the SOV (SubjectObject-Verb) word order.
Example: Ram (S) kitab (O) padhta hai (V). (Ram reads a book.)
This order is common in Dravidian and IndoAryan languages.

34. S.R. Anderson (1988) identifies four kinds of morphological properties that characterize inflection. Identify the correct answer from the options below:

1. Configurational properties, agreement properties, inherent properties, general properties
2. Agreement properties, configurational properties, phrasal properties, inherent properties
3. Configurational properties, agreement properties, phrasal properties, optional properties
4. Agreement properties, configurational properties, phrasal properties, clausal properties

Correct Answer: 2. Agreement properties, configurational properties, phrasal properties, inherent properties

Solution:

According to S.R. Anderson (1988), four kinds of morphological properties characterize inflection:
• Agreement properties → Inflectional features marking number, gender, person (e.g., verb agreement in English: she runs).
• Configurational properties → Inflections influenced by word order and syntactic structure. • Phrasal properties → Inflections appearing at the phrase level, rather than individual words. • Inherent properties → Inflections related to tense, aspect, mood, independent of syntactic agreement.

35. Ethnomethodologists:

A. Are interested in process and teachings that people use and interpret the world around them and interact with that world.
B. Are interested in trying to discover the categories and system that people use in making sense of the world.
C. Conduct large-scale surveys of populations.
D. Focus on the phenomena of everyday existence, actually on various bits and pieces of it.
E. Do not focus on commonsense knowledge and practical reasoning employed by people in use of language.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. A, B, D only
3. A, B, C, D only
4. A, B, D, E only

Correct Answer: 2. A, B, D only

Solution:

A. Ethnomethodologists study the processes and techniques people use to interpret the world. → Correct, as ethnomethodology investigates how social reality is constructed.
B. Ethnomethodologists try to discover the categories and systems people use to make sense of the world. → Correct, as they analyze how people organize everyday experiences.
D. They focus on everyday interactions and bits of daily life. → Correct, as ethnomethodologists study routine social behaviors rather than broad theories.
(C) is incorrect because ethnomethodology does not conduct large-scale surveys; it focuses on small, qualitative observations.
(E) is incorrect because ethnomethodologists do focus on commonsense knowledge and how people use practical reasoning in communication.

36. Irreversibility of sound change means:

1. Change affects all words in the language
2. Words selectively undergo change in a language
3. Change travels in favour of articulatory base
4. Change that once takes place cannot get reversed back to the original

Correct Answer: 4. Change that once takes place cannot get reversed back to the original

Solution:

Irreversibility of sound change refers to the unidirectional nature of phonetic evolution in languages. Once a phonetic shift occurs in a language (such as Grimm's Law in ProtoGermanic), it does not spontaneously revert to its previous form. This principle is a key aspect of historical linguistics and supports the Neogrammarian hypothesis, which states that sound changes occur in a systematic and irreversible manner over time.

37. "Syntactic rules applying at the level of words regardless of their internal structure." This position is known as:

1. Syntactic hypothesis
2. Phonemic hypothesis
3. Post-lexical hypothesis
4. Lexical hypothesis

Correct Answer: 4. Lexical hypothesis

Solution:

The Lexical Hypothesis states that syntactic rules apply at the level of words, regardless of their internal morphological structure. This suggests that syntax operates on whole words, treating them as atomic units rather than analyzing their internal composition. This view contrasts with theories that incorporate morphology into syntax, such as the morphosyntactic approach.

38. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (EMC Types)	List-II (Association)
A. Computer as tutor	I. Language learning and teaching categorization through EMC
B. Computer as tool	II. Relationship and process involved in learning
C. Computer as medium	III. Psycholinguistic Information processing approaches
D. Computer metaphors	IV. Discourse analysis and Anthropological approaches

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
2. А-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
3. A-II, В-III, C-I, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

Correct Answer: 2. А-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution:

A. (Computer as tutor) - III: Psycholinguistic Information Processing Approaches→ Computers act as intelligent tutors by modeling how the brain processes language.
B. (Computer as tool) - IV: Discourse Analysis and Anthropological Approaches → Computers assist in linguistic and cultural research, including discourse analysis.
C. (Computer as medium) - II: Relationship and Process Involved in Learning → Computers provide interactive environments for language learning.
D. (Computer metaphors) - I: Language Learning and Teaching Categorization through EMC → The use of metaphors helps categorize different aspects of computer-assisted language learning (CALL).

39. Identify the odd ones from the following statement:

A. Clitics can exhibit a low degree of selection with respect to their hosts.
B. Morphological idiosyncrasies are more characteristic of affixed words.
C. Syntactic rules can affect affixed words.
D. Arbitrary gaps in the set of combinations are more characteristic of affixed words.
E. The genetic in English is a good example of a clitic.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A and B Only
2. A and E Only
3. C and D Only
4. D and A Only

Correct Answer: 2. A and E Only

Solution:

A. (Clitics can exhibit a low degree of selection with respect to their hosts) -→ Correct, because clitics attach to different hosts without strict selection constraints.
E. (The genitive in English is a good example of a clitic) → Correct, as English genitive ('s) behaves as a clitic rather than a true affix, attaching to entire noun phrases instead of individual words. B, C, and D are NOT odd because: Morphological idiosyncrasies (B) apply more to affixed words than clitics. Affixed words can be affected by syntactic rules (C). Arbitrary gaps in combinations (D) occur more with affixed words than clitics.

40. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Morphological Types)	List-II (Examples)
A. Inflection language	I. Khasi
B. Isolative language	II. Eskimo
C. Agglutinative language	III. Sanskrit
D. Incorporating language	IV. Toda

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
3. А-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Correct Answer: 3. А-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

A. (Inflectional language) - III: Sanskrit → Sanskrit is inflectional, meaning it conveys grammatical relationships through inflections (e.g., case endings).
B. (Isolative language) - I: Khasi → Khasi is an isolating language, meaning words do not undergo inflection and rely on word order for grammatical meaning.
C. (Agglutinative language) - IV: Toda → Toda, a Dravidian language, is agglutinative, meaning it uses extensive affixation to express grammatical relations.
D. (Incorporating language) - II: Eskimo → Eskimo (Inuit languages) is an incorporating language, meaning it forms complex words that integrate multiple morphemes.