UGC-NET (NTA) POPULATION STUDIES, JANUARY-2025

Total Questions: 100

81. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Author)	LIST-II (Books)
A. Arsene Dumont	I. An Economic Analysis of Fertility
B. Kingsley Davis	II. Social Capillarity
C. Gary Becker	III. Intergenerational Wealth Flow
D. Caldwell	IV. Theory of Change & Response

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
3. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

Correct Answer: 4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

Solution:

This question matches theorists with their respective theories or concepts in demography.
A. Arsène Dumont → II. Social Capillarity Theory: Dumont suggested people reduce fertility to climb the social and economic ladder.
B. Kingsley Davis → IV. Theory of Change and Response: Davis explained demographic transition as a response to social and economic change.
C. Gary Becker → I. An Economic Analysis of Fertility: Becker viewed fertility through an economic lens - as a rational decision based on cost-benefit.
D. John Caldwell→ III. Intergenerational Wealth Flow Theory: Caldwell proposed that fertility depends on the direction of wealth flow between parents and children.
Correct Match: A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III.

82. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Theories)	LIST-II (Proponent)
A. Multiple Nuclei Theory	I. E.W. Burgess
B. Central Place Theory	II. C.D. Harries & E.L. Ullman
C. Concentric Zone Theory	III. H. Hoyt & M.R. Davie
D. Sectoral Theory	IV. W. Christaller

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
4. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

Correct Answer: 3. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

Solution:

This question matches urban theories with their proponents.
A. Multiple Nuclei Theory → II. C.D. Harris & E.L. Ullman: Proposed in 1945, this theory suggests that a city develops around multiple centers (nuclei), not just one.
B. Central Place Theory → IV. W. Christaller: Developed in 1933, Christaller's theory explains the spatial distribution of cities and towns based on goods and services hierarchy.
C. Concentric Zone Theory →I. E.W. Burgess: Burgess (1925) proposed that cities expand outward in rings from a central business district.
D. Sectoral Theory → III. H. Hoyt & M.R. Davie: Hoyt (1939) introduced the sector model, where urban areas develop in sectors or wedges, not concentric circles.
Correct Match: A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III.

83. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Vaccination Programme)	LIST-II (Year of Introduction)
A. Rotavirus vaccine	I. 1985
B. Pentavalent vaccine	II. 2002
C. Hep B	III. 2016
D. Universal Immunisation Programme	IV. 2013

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
4. A-IV, В-III, С-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 1. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution:

This question matches vaccination programmes in India with their years of introduction.
A. Rotavirus Vaccine → III. 2016: Introduced in 2016 to prevent severe diarrhea among infants and young children.
B. Pentavalent Vaccine → IV. 2013: Introduced in 2013, it protects against five diseases: DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus), Hepatitis B, and Hib.
C. Hepatitis B Vaccine → II. 2002: Added to the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) in 2002 to prevent liver disease.
D. Universal Immunisation Programme → I. 1985: Launched in 1985 to provide vaccination against major preventable diseases for all children.
Correct Match: A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I.

84. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
2. А-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
4. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

Correct Answer: 2. А-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Solution:

This question matches Coale's indices of fertility with their respective symbols.
A. Index of overall fertility → III. I Represents total fertility compared to a standard population.
B. Index of marital fertility → IV. I: Indicates fertility among married women.
C. Index of non-marital fertility → I. I: Measures fertility occurring outside marriage.
D. Index of proportion of marriage → II. I: Represents the proportion of women married in reproductive ages.
Correct Match: A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

85. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I	LIST-II
A. Height-for-age	I. Obesity
B. Weight-for-age	II. Stunting
C. Height-for-weight	III. Underweight
D. Body Mass Index (BMI)	IV. Wasting

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
4. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Correct Answer: 2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Solution:

This question matches nutritional indicators with the conditions they represent.
A. Height-for-age → II. Stunting: Indicates chronic malnutrition or long-term growth retardation.
B. Weight-for-age→III. Underweight: Reflects both acute and chronic malnutrition.
C. Height-for-weight→ IV. Wasting: Represents acute malnutrition or recent rapid weight loss.
D. Body Mass Index (BMI) → I. Obesity: Used to assess overall body fat and classify overweight/obesity.
Correct Match: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

86. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Diseases)	LIST-II (Morbidity Type)
A. Hepatitis B	I. Ageing
B. Alzheimers	II. Other
C. Diabetes	III. Communicable
D. Snakebite	IV. Non-communicable

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
2. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
4. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

Correct Answer: 1. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

This question matches diseases with their respective types of morbidity.
A. Hepatitis B→ III. Communicable: Hepatitis B is a viral infection that spreads through blood and body fluids - hence communicable.
B. Alzheimer's → I. Ageing: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily associated with ageing.
C. Diabetes → IV. Non-communicable: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and is non-communicable.
D. Snakebite → II. Other: Snakebite does not fall under communicable or noncommunicable diseases - it is categorized as other morbidity.
Correct Match: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

87. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (Focus Areas)	LIST-II (Five Years Plans)
A. Strengthening of PHC	I. 1951-56
B. Preventive Public Health Services	II. 1956-61
C. Water Supply, Sanitation & Communicable Diseases	III. 1961-66
D. Control of Communicable Diseases	IV. 1969-74

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
4. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Solution:

This question matches focus areas in health and population with their respective Five-Year Plans in India.
A. Strengthening of PHC → IV. 1969–74 (Fourth Plan): The 4th Five-Year Plan emphasized Primary Health Centres and integrated rural health services.
B. Preventive Public Health Services → III. 1961-66 (Third Plan): The 3rd Plan focused on preventive health measures and disease control.
C. Water Supply, Sanitation & Communicable Diseases → II. 1956–61 (Second Plan): The 2nd Plan stressed sanitation and communicable disease control.
D. Control of Communicable Diseases → I. 1951-56 (First Plan): The 1st Plan gave top priority to controlling major epidemic and infectious diseases.
Correct Match: A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I.

88. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (UN Manuals)	LIST-II (Description)
A. UN Manual IV	I. The methodology of measuring the impact of family planning programmes on fertility
B. UN Manual VI	II. Indirect techniques for demographic estimation
C. UN Manual IX	III. Methods of estimating basic demographic measures from incomplete data
D. UN Manual X	IV. Methods of measuring internal migration

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Solution:

This question matches the United Nations Demographic Manuals with their respective focus and titles.
A. UN Manual IV → III. Methods of estimating basic demographic measures from incomplete data: Manual IV (1967) focuses on methods for estimating key demographic indicators such as fertility, mortality, and migration from incomplete or deficient data.
B. UN Manual VI → IV. Methods of measuring internal migration: Manual VI (1970) provides statistical methods and procedures for measuring internal migration.
C. UN Manual IX → I. The methodology of measuring the impact of family planning programmes on fertility: Manual IX (1979) focuses on techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of family planning programmes on fertility decline.
D. UN Manual X → II. Indirect techniques for demographic estimation: Manual X (1983) presents indirect methods to estimate demographic parameters when reliable data are unavailable.
Correct Match: A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

89. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I (RCTs)	LIST-II (Process)
A. Randomization	I. Investigator, data analyst and participants not aware about allocation
B. Single blinded trial	II. Investigator & participants not aware about group allocation
C. Double blinded trial	III. Participants not aware about selection in either group
D. Triple blinded trial	IV. Individual gets equal chance of being allocated into either group

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. А-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Solution:

This question matches types of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) with their processes.
A. Randomization → IV. Individual gets equal chance of being allocated into either group: Randomization ensures each subject has equal probability of being assigned to any group.
B. Single-blinded trial → III. Participants not aware about selection in either group: In a single-blind trial, only participants are unaware of their group allocation.
C. Double-blinded trial → II. Investigator & participants not aware about group allocation: In a double-blind trial, both investigator and participants are unaware of assignments.
D. Triple-blinded trial → I. Investigator, data analyst and participants not aware about allocation: In a triple-blind trial, investigator, participants, and analyst are all blinded.
Correct Match: A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I.

90. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

LIST-I	LIST-II
A. ₙeₓ	I. Probability of an individual age ‘x’ dying before age interval (x, x + n)
B. ₙqₓ	II. Number of person-years lived in the age interval (x, x + n)
C. Tₓ	III. Expectation of life at age x
D. ₙLₓ	IV. Number of person-years lived in the age x and older

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Correct Answer: 4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

This question matches life table notations with their definitions.
A. eₓ→ III. Expectation of life at age x: Represents average number of years remaining for a person aged x.
В. ₙqₓ→ I. Probability of an individual age 'r' dying before age interval (x, x + n): Denotes probability of dying between ages x and x + n.
С. Tₓ → IV. Number of person-years lived in the age x and older: Cumulative personyears lived beyond age x.
D. ₙLₓ→ II. Number of person-years lived in the age interval (x, x + n):Measures total years lived between ages x and x + n.
Correct Match: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.