UGC NTA NET/JRF Cancelled EXAM, (PAPER-II)June 2024 HISTORY

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the following passage and answer the questions from

Ramanuja's God was a personal being, who was full of lave for his creation. He could even override the power of Karma to draw repentant sinners to him. Unlike the impersonal world soul of Sankara, which made the illusory universe in a sort of sport Ramanuja's God needed man as man needed God. By forcing the sense Ramanuja interpreted the words of Krisna "..........", to imply that just as man could not live without god, so God could not live without man.
Which of the following is not correct about Ramanuja?

Correct Answer: (c) He did not emphasis upon putting one's soul completely in the hands of God, trusting in his will, and waiting confidently for his grace.
Solution:

Ramanuja was born around 1017 CE in a place called Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh). His childhood name was Lakshmana. He received his early education in Kanchi. Ramanuja was a Brahmin who taught at the great temple of Srirangam.
He wrote extensive commentaries on the Brahma Sutras. Ramanuja believed in a personal God (Saguna Brahman) and considered the path of Bhakti (devotion) to be the means to Moksha (liberation). He acknowledged the utility of ritualistic observance. He refuted Shankara's theory of Maya (illusion), stating that Moksha can be attained by single-minded, trusting, and intense devotion to God.

92. Which of the following is not written by Ramanuja?

Correct Answer: (b) Vedanta Darshan
Solution:

Ramanuja's numerous works include Vedantasara, Vedantasangraha, and Vedantadipа. Не wrote commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutras (Shri Bhashya). His philosophy is called Vishishtadvaita (Qualified Non-dualism), which is a confluence of Vaishnava devotion and Upanishadic monotheism.
Note: The originator of the Vedanta Darshana is Maharshi Ved Vyasa. The Upanishads are considered the main source of the Vedanta philosophy, which demonstrates the ultimate principles of the Vedas.

93. According to Ramanuja, the best means of salvation is :

Correct Answer: (c) Intense Devotion
Solution:

According to Ramanuja, the best means to Moksha is intense and profound devotion (Bhakti). Ramanuja propagated the philosophy of 'Vishishtadvaita Darshana' and provided a philosophical basis for the Vaishnava religion. Ramanuja believed in a personal God (Saguna) and considered the path of devotion to be the means to Moksha.
According to Ramanuja, the Jiva (individual soul) is blissful, conscious, self-luminous, and possesses distinct qualities. He also stated that the world is not false (mithya) but real (satya), and that there is a distinct relationship between Brahman (God), Jiva (soul), and Jagat (world), and all three are real.

94. Who among the following was the God Ramanuja spoke about?

Correct Answer: (a) Visnu
Solution:

Ramanuja believed in a personal God (Saguna). While residing in the monastery of Srirangam (Tiruchirappalli), he did great work for the propagation of the Vaishnava religion (Lord Vishnu). Due to his efforts, this religion became widely prevalent across the society. He wrote a commentary on the Brahma Sutras called Shri Bhashya. His doctrine is famous as Vishishtadvaita. Ramanuja's name is the most notable in the Acharya tradition.

95. A teacher who developed Ramanuja's doctrine and taught in the 13th century was :

Correct Answer: (b) Madhva
Solution:

The Acharya who developed and taught the principles of Ramanuja in the 13th century was Acharya Madhva. Madhavacharya propagated the doctrine of Dvaitavada (Dualism). He emphasized the worship of Vishnu through devotion and described the path of devotion as the easy way to Moksha and realization of God.
Madhavacharya placed special emphasis on purity of character, non-violence, truth, contentment, simplicity, knowledge, non-possession, and devotion to God. Madhavacharya's teachings were compiled by his disciple Jayatirtha in the Sutrabhashya. He gave his sermons in the Kannada language.

96. Read the following passage and answer the following questions

The most characteristic feature of the Arya Samaj is the emphasis it laid upon the work of Suddhi... As a matter of fact, this aspect of the Arya Samaj excited the greatest interest in it among the people outside its own ranks.
In 1875, where did Dayanand Saraswati formally organise the first Arya Samaj unit?

Correct Answer: (c) Bombay
Solution:

The Arya Samaj worked for the reform of Hindu religion and society in North India. The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in Bombay in 1875. Within a short time, its influence was established over a large part of North India (Punjab, United Provinces, Rajasthan, parts of Bihar). It was most popular in North-Western India. He expressed his views in his famous book, 'Satyarth Prakash'.

97. What does Suddhi means?

Correct Answer: (a) Suddhi means the reconversions of those Hindus - millions in number - who had once been willing or forcibly converted in to other religions like Islam or Christianity, but were now willing to come back to the fold of Hinduism.
Solution:

Shuddhi refers to the reconversion of Hindus- numbering in the millions-who had voluntarily or forcibly converted to other religions like Islam or Christianity, but who now wished to voluntarily return to Hinduism. Swami Dayananda Saraswati initiated the Shuddhi movement by inspiring those who had converted to return to Hinduism. At that time, Christian, Muslim, and Sikh preachers ridiculed the social evils and false beliefs of Hinduism.
Swami Dayananda also pointed out flaws in their religions and defeated ancient orthodox pandits and other religious preachers through public debates. Consequently, a new feeling of self-confidence, self-examination, and selfpurification (i.e., removing false traditions from Hinduism) arose among the followers of Hinduism. Although its external form sought to re-establish Vedic traditions, the Arya Samaj essentially embraced modern knowledge and logic.

98. How was Suddhi looked upon by Arya Samaj?

Correct Answer: (a) As a potent instrument for effecting that religious, social and political unity of India
Solution:

Shuddhi was viewed by the Arya Samaj as a powerful tool for bringing about the religious, social, and political unity of India. Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in Bombay in 1875, with the main objective of purely re-establishing the ancient Vedic religion. He vowed to eradicate the false religious beliefs and social evils that had crept into Hindu society over time.
The Arya Samaj was established in Lahore in 1877, after which its influence grew significantly. His goal was to unite India religiously, socially, and nationally. He wished for the Aryan religion to be the common religion of the country. He saw many faults in the contemporary Hindu religion and society.
In the religious sphere, he did not accept idol worship, polytheism, incarnation theory, animal sacrifice, Shraddha ceremonies, charms, mantras and tantras, and false rituals. He considered the Vedas to be divine knowledge and accepted literature up to the Upanishadic period.

99. Who strongly resented the Suddhi?

Correct Answer: (b) Muslims
Solution:

Muslims strongly opposed Shuddhi. Swami Dayananda Saraswati, the founder of the Arya Samaj, started the Shuddhi movement to convert Indian Muslims and Christians to Hinduism. This movement grew stronger in the early twentieth century under the leadership of Dayananda's follower, Swami Shraddhananda. Muslim organizations like the Ahmadiyya of Qadian opposed the Shuddhi movement. The book 'Shuddhi Movement in India' was written by R.K. Ghai.

100. What was the political slogan of Dayanand Saraswati?

Correct Answer: (a) India for the Indians
Solution:

The political slogan of Swami Dayananda Saraswati (1824-83) was 'India for the Indians' (Bhartiyon ke liye Bharat). He believed in the pure Vedic tradition and gave the slogan 'Go Back to the Vedas' (LayTto Veda ki or). Mool Shankar, commonly known as Dayananda, was born in 1824 in a Brahmin family residing in the Bhaurvi state of Gujarat. He founded the Arya Samaj in Bombay in 1875. All his ideas are described in his famous book 'Satyarth Prakash'.