UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, Dec 2021/June 2022 HISTORY (Shift-II)

Lord Listowel has replaced Pethick Lawrence as the Secretary of State for India in April 1947.
(• Lord Pethick Lawrence was the second last holder of the post of Secretary of State for India. His tenure was started from 3rd August 1945 to 17th April 1947. He was replaced by Lord Listowel in April 1947.)
Lord Listowel was last secretary of state for India.

Foreign traveller named Nicolo-Conti had wrote that the Vijaynagara Empire had an estimated of "90,000 men fit to bear arms".
(• Nicolo Conti- Nicolo-de Conti was an Italian merchant, explorer and writer, Born in Chioggia, he travelled to India and South-East Asia, and possibly to Southern China, during the early 15th century.)

Following are the correct statements-
(A) Balban considered kingship as Niyabat-i-Khudai and adopted the title of Zillullah.
(• Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban- He was also known as Balban. He called himself 'Naib-i-Khudai'. He thought himself such a king "as the shadow of God on Earth". He adopted the title of Zillullah.)
C) Balban recorded his political wisdom in Wasaya to his son.
(E) Balban considered justice to be very important power of any sultan.
(• Balban was convinced that the only way to face the internal and external dangers was to increase the power and prestige of the Sultan-the King. For that, Balban considered justice to be very important power of any Sultan.)

The correct match of policies (of List-I) with respective years (of List-II) are as follows-

Following were not the basic part of the Mughal Rajput alliance -
(B) Mansabdari.
• (Mansabdari- The Mansabdari system was the administrative system introduced by Akbar- the Great, in Mughal Empire during 1571.)
(D) Inam Jagir.
• (Inam Jagir-Inam Jagir are independent of any obligation and Watan Jagir are assigned in the homelands, are being introduced during the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar- the Great.)

Following are the correct statements
(A) R.G. Collingwood said: "As works of the imagination the historian's work and the novelist's do not differ. Where they do differ is that the historian's picture is meant to be true".
(C) Marc Bloch said: "But history is neither watch making nor cabinet construction. It is an edeavour towards better understanding".
(D) David Shannon said: "Life is not simple and therefore history, which is past life, is not simple".
(E) Ambrose Bierce said, "God alone knows the future, but only a historian can alter the past".
• (Above mentioned A, C, D and E statements are correct.)

Following are the correct statements-
(A) Primary source is a piece of evidence written or created during the period under investigation.
(B) Primary sources are the records of contemporaries who participated in, witnessed, or commented on the events one is studying.
• (Primary Source- A Primary Source is a piece of evidence created during the time you are studying. These sources offers an eye-witness view of a particular event.)
(D) A secondary source is an account of the period in question written after the events have taken place.
• (Secondary Source- A Secondary Source of information is one that was created later by someone who did not experience first hand or participate in the events or conditions you'rе researching.)

The theory of Pushtimarga was given by Vallabha.
• [ Pushtimarga- It is the theory of Shudhadwait given by Vallabha. Pushtimarg is spontaneous, selfless and motiveless love for the God- Krishna. It is expressed only through selfless service of Krishna (i.e. by seva.) ]

Indian king Rajendra-Iˢᵗ has expanded the Hindu empire in Swarnadweep.
• [ Rajendra-Iˢᵗ: Rajendra Chola Iˢᵗ (or Rajendra the Great, also known as- Gangaikonda Chola and also as- Kadaram Kondam), was a great Chola emperor who reigned between 1014 to 1044 CE. ]
• Rajendra Iˢᵗ adopted title of "pandit chola. Mudigundachola etc. He established his new capital "Gangaikonda Cholapuram.