UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam. December 2020/June 2021 ENGLISH-II (Shift-II)

'Science and Poetry' and 'The Philosophy of Rhetoric' are works of I.A. Richards. I.A. Richards is an English educator, literary critic and rhetorician. In his book 'The Philosophy of Rhetoric, he proposes that rhetoric should be 'a study of misunderstanding and its remedies and investigation in how much and in how many ways may good communication differ from bad. Thus, option (c) is correct.

According to Ferdinand de Saussure, language is-an interlocking structure and a system of signs. Ferdinand de Saussure's 'Course in General Linguistics' (1916) lectures at the university of Geneva from 1906 to 1911. Saussure examines the relationship between speech and the evolution of language and investigates language as a structured system of signs. Thus, the appropriate answer is option (b).

The appropriate match of literary institute with their location-

Thus, correct answer is option (b) (A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I).

'Discourse in the Novel' and 'Forms of Time and the chronotope in the Novel' are essays which form part of Mikhail Bakhtin's 'The Dialogic Imagination. Other four essays given in the options does not belong to Bakhtin.
• 'Discourse in the Novel' (1934), Bakhtin provides a model for history of discourse and introduces the concept of heteroglossia.
• In 'Forms of time and the chronotope in the Novel', Bakhtin analyzes the ways in which configurations of time and space (chronotopes) have been represented in narrative literature.
Thus option (d) [B and D] is correct.

'Cultural intermediary' concept has been called for by Keith Negus, who has questioned the extent that it can bridge the gap between production and consumption in a context of what he sees as an enduring distance between these two spheres.
'The film magazine columnist' and 'Fan clubs' qualify for the label 'Cultural Intermediary' in the context of a commercial film. Thus option (a) is correct answer.

'Syntactic Structures' and 'Aspects of the Theory of Syntax' are books by Noam Chomsky. 'Syntactic Structures' is originally published in 1957. It is an elaboration of his teacher Zelling Harris's model of Transformal Generative Grammar. 'Aspects of the Theory of Syntax' is a a book on linguistics written by American linguist Noam Chomsky, first published in 1965. In Aspects, Chomsky presented a deeper more extensive reformulation of Transformation Generative grammar. Thus, appropriate answer is option (d).

Harold Bloom posits the tradition of great writers as an inescapable fact and takes ambivalent position of considering it as both a blessing and a curse. Harold Bloom (1930-2019) was American literary critic known for his innovative interpretations of literary history and of the creation of literature. Bloom's first language is Yiddish and he also learns Hebrew before English. Thus, the correct option is (c).

The term 'Ghostwords' is used to describe spurious words which are the result of inadvertent errors made by copyists, printers and editors. A ghost word is a word published in a dictionary or similarly authoritative reference work, having rarely once authoritatively published, a ghost word occasionally may be copied widely and take a long time to be erased from usage. Thus, option (b) is correct.

In the given statements, Assertion (a) is correct but Reason (R) is not correct answer because the second statement is not supporting with correct reason stated into statement I. The concepts 'implied reader' and 'implied author' were introduced into literary criticism by Wayne C. Booth in 'The Rhetoric of Fiction' (1961), Which emerged from the neo-Aristotelian school of formalism associated with the work of R.S. Crane. Thus an appropriate answer is option (a).

Bertolt Brecht's term 'epic theatre' is for his mode of drama-writing to distinguish it from traditional theatre. In the theory of 'epic theatre', Brecht believed that theatre should appeal not to the spectator's feelings but to his reason. Thus, option (a) is correct.