Solution:Both the above given statements are true. The Indian English novelists witnessed a warm reception of their writings in Europe, and they proliferated well in India during the 1930's and 1940's. R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao contributed to the growth and popularity of Indian English fiction is the 1930s. In some cases, it is also associated with the works of members of the Indian Diaspora who subsequently compose works in English. Also, the two world wars added an overall sense of gloom and civilization crises across the globe, especially in Europe. World wars made a magnificent impact on society. The impact developed a new approach of art, literature, philosophy and religion. Hence, option (a) is correct.