UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2022 HISTORY (Shift-I)

Dhammapada, Theragatha, Therigatha and Jataka texts belong to Khuddaka Nikaya. Khuddaka nikaya, the fifth division of Sutta Pitaka is a wide range collection of fifteen Books. Five divisions of Sutta Pitaka are Digha Nikaya, Majjhima nikaya Samyutta Nikaya, Anguttara Nikaya and Khuddaka Nikaya.
* Pitaka are ancient Buddhist text. Pitaka are 3 in number.
1. Sutta Pitaka largest among all Pitaka contains Religious thought of Buddha. 2. Vinaya-Pitaka- Rules of Buddhist Sangha
3. Abhidhamma Pitaka- Philosophy of Buddhism.

Paumachariyam is related to Jainism. Paumachariyam is the earliest Jain work dealing with the story of Rama. written by Acharya Vimalsuri in Prakrit. Dasarath Jataka is a Jataka tale found in Buddhist literature about the previous life of Shakyamuni (Gautam Buddha). The Thai national epic is based on Dasarath Jataka.
Iramavataram is Tamil version of Ramayana composed by Kamban.

The family emblem of the Gupta monarchs was Garuda. Garuda was Found on many seals of Gupta rulers. Gupta dynasty was founded by Shri gupta. Silver coins were issued first time during rule of Chandragupta I.
• Largest number of coins issued by king Kumara Gupta.
• Vincent Smith said king Samudragupta Napolean of India.

Prabodha chandrodaya is a Sanskrit play of 11th century composed by Krishna Mishra. Krishna Mishra was contemporary to Chandela king Kirtivarman. This play was played in Khajuraho complex. It contain 6 Acts. It was written to teach Advaita doctrine to those who were interested in Kavya not in philosophy.

The Aitareya and Satapath Brahman mention the king Para who performed the 'Asvamedha sacrifice along with' 'Aindra Mahabhishek'. King Para was associated with Kosala Kingdom.
* Aitareya Brahmana is Brahman text of Rigveda.
* Satpath Brahmana is Brahman text of Yajurveda.

Rajpura and Dvaraka were important town of Kamboja region. Kamboja was situated in the extreme north west of India. It's capital was Dvaraka. Mahabharata mentions the name of Rajpura.
* Avanti- Madhya pradesh
* Kuru- near delhi
* Gandhar- Afghanistan.

Ottakkuttan did not write about king Rajaraja I. Ottakkuttion was tamil court poet of later Chola kings Vikrama Chola, Kulotunga II and Rajaraja IП. He has written 'ula' poems for these 3 kings. ula poems were written in honour of Kings. Rajaraja I was great king of chola dynasty. He adopted Title of "Arimolivarman".

Ghosundi refers to the construction of pujasila-prakara. It is written in Brahmi script. Ghosundi inscription is situated in Rajasthan. It confirms the ancient reverence of Hindu deities samkarshana and vasudeva. It was first read by D.R. Bhandarkar.
• Nanaghat inscription was inscribed by Satavahana queen Naganika. It gives vivid picture of satavahana dynasty
• Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela provides info. of events during rule of Kharvela.
• The Halmidi Inscription (Karnataka) dates back 450 A.D. and it is oldest known inscription with Kannada character. The 16 line inscription is on rectangular sandstone.

The Chariya-pitaka is a collection of 35 Jatakas in verse. Chariya Pitaka is Khuddaka Nikay'as 15th lesson. Chariya Pitaka was originally written in Pali languge. Chariya Pitaka was composed by Bhikshu Dharmarakshit.

Lankavatara is related to Vaipulya sutras. The Vaipulya sutras designate particular scripture in Mahayana Known as dharma-s. The nine Dharma-s are a series of books composed at different periods and belong to different Persuassions.
nine works are 1. Astasahsrika prajnaparamita 2. Saddharmapundarika 3. Lalita vistara 4. Lankavatara 5. Suvarnaprabhasa 6. Gandavyuha 7. Tathagataguhyaka 8. Samadhiraja 9. Dasabhumisvara.