UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2022 HISTORY (Shift-I)

The Neolithic sites of Kiari and Giak are located in Ladakh union territory. Kiari and Giak were famous for hand made red pottery. Burjahom, chirand etc. are other Neolithic sites in J&K.

The Ghaggar Hakra system of river is studied by C.E. Oldham. many scholars identified Ghaggar hakra river with the vaidic saraswati river. Ghaggar Hakra river was intermittent between India and Pakistan.

According to A.K Ghosh Borer Burin is not a chrono cultural element of the Paleolithic culture complex in India. Pebble, flake and Flake blades tools was characteristic of Paleolithic culture. In 1966 A.K. Ghosh divided Indian Palaeolithic culture mainly in 3 parts-
1. Chopper element
2. Flake elements
3. Flake blade elements

Mirza Raja jai singh was Rajput noble who held the mansab of 7000/7000 under Aurangzeb. Despite of victories with all his brothers Aurangzeb did not secured footing on Mughal throne so he needed support of leading muslim and Rajput generals. hence he pardoned Jaswant Singh and promoted Jai Singh as a commander of 7000 the highest possible rank for any general.

Baburnama describes two methods of lifting water out of wells in India. Babur wrote in Baburnama In Lahore, Dipalpur people lift water by means of wheel. In Agra, Chandawar, Bayana people lift water with a bucket at the well-edge they setup fork of woodhaving a roller adjusted between the forks tie a rope to large bucket put the rope over a roller bucket and tie it's others and to the bullock one person must drive bullock another empty Bucket.

Father Anthony Monserrate observed that while Akbar was on an expedition to Kabul to subdue the rebellion of Mirza Hakim he appointed his mother Hamida Bano Begam in charge of the suba of Delhi. Father Monserrate reached in Akbar's court with father Aquaviva of Portugal. Akbar appointed father Monserrate as teacher of prince Murad.
Father Monserrate accompanied Akbar on his military expedition to Kabul in 1581. Father Monserrate remained at Akbar's court untill April 1582.

In January 1751- Muzaffar Jang was accompanied by a French force under the leadership of captain Bussy. In second carnatic war French East India company supported Muzaffar Jung's claim on throne in Hyderabad and chanda sahib's claim on carnatic throne. French sent force in commandership of Bussy. IIhd Carnatic war extended from 1749-54 A.D. This war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry.

In early modern period 'Ummal' was Tax collector.
Some, other important terms
Muqaddam - village headman Abwab - cess
Diwan-i-wizarat - Finance department
Ghari - House tax
Fawazil - Surplus amount
Muqti - Iqta holder.

Saranjam assignment of revenue from villages to support military service was popular practice under Maratha empire.
Saranjam system was like Jagir system the land was mostly in the form of rural watan. its owner being entitled to extract revenue from the villages included in territory. Saranjam usually given that person for heroic deeds in military field.

"Time is precious and is irreplaceable" written by Abul Fazal.
Abul fazal was among nine lewels of Akbar. Abul Fazal composed Akbarnama in 3 volumes. Third volume Aini-Akbari is his most famous book. It contained detailed report of Akbar's government and administration.