UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2023 (HISTORY)

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the following Passage and answer the questions.

Bhau did not get any additional reinforcements from the south. He made a great mistake in not guarding adequately the forts at the Jamuna and maintain his connection with the south. In this battle the Marathas were routed and defeated completely. It was a disaster to them. Vishwas Rao and Sadashiv Rao Bhau were killed. Most of the officers fell.

A large part of the forces were massacred and annihilated. The remnants were pursued and slaughtered. A large amount of booty was captured by the victors. The total loss of the Marathas is estimated at 50,000 horses, 2,00,000 cattle, thousands of camels, hundreds of elephants and a large amount of cash and Jewellry.

The following passage refers about which important battle.

Correct Answer: (b) Battle of Panipat IIIʳᵈ
Solution:

The Third Battle of Panipat was fought on January 14, 1761, between the Maratha army and Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Marathas faced defeat in this war. The Maratha losses were immense, including the death of commanders like Sadashiv Rao Bhau, Vishwas Rao, Ibrahim Gardi, Jaswant Rao, and Tukoji Holkar. It is estimated that the Marathas lost a total of 50,000 horses, 200,000 cattle, thousands of camels, and several hundred elephants. The Marathas suffered heavy damage in this war.

92. Which was not one of the reasons for the defeat of the Marathas?

Correct Answer: (c) The Marathas fall short in fighting and doing glorious deeds.
Solution:

The reasons for the defeat of the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat (January 14, 1761) included All the Muslim rulers of North India united against the Marathas. Except for Suraj Mal Jat, Hindu rulers did not participate and did not support Sadashiv Rao Bhau. There were differences of opinion among the Maratha chiefs regarding the plan of the campaign.
Note: The Marathas were very courageous and strong in warfare and glorious deeds, which is why they wanted to take control of the whole of India.

93. Which one of the following was an eyewitness of this war?

Correct Answer: (b) Kashiraj Pandit
Solution:

The eyewitness to the Third Battle of Panipat (January 14, 1761) was Kashiraj Pandit, as he saw the battle with his own eyes. The news of the defeat in the Third Battle of Panipat was delivered to Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao by a merchant in the following message: "Two pearls have dissolved (Vishwas Rao and Sadashiv Rao Bhau), twenty-two gold seals have been lost (prominent commanders), and silver and copper (common soldiers) cannot be counted."

94. What were not consequences of this war?

Correct Answer: (d) It paved the way of Ahmad Shah Abdali carve a kingdom in North India
Solution:

The indirect consequences of the Third Battle of Panipat (January 14, 1761) were significant: Hyder Ali's rise in the South. The rise of the English Empire throughout India. The Marathas lost their support in North India. The Marathas suffered massive losses in manpower, wealth, and military strength. Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao died (June 23, 1761) upon hearing the news of this terrible disaster. Ahmad Shah Abdali gained no real benefit from this victory, as Abdali wanted to occupy Punjab, not fight a war with the Marathas that yielded no lasting result.

95. Who was the Commander-in-Chief in this battle?

Correct Answer: (b) Sadashiv Rao Bhau
Solution:

The Third Battle of Panipat (January 14, 1761) took place between the Marathas and the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali. The Maratha commander was Sadashiv Rao Bhau, while the Maratha Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao had sent a powerful army under the leadership of his 17-year-old son, Vishwasrao Bhau. Sadashiv Rao Bhau encouraged the practice of taking soldiers' wives and women along with the troops to the battlefield. The Marathas had an artillery unit led by Ibrahim Gardi. Ibrahim Gardi had received training from Monsieur Bussy of France.

96. Read the following Passage and answer the questions.

The wirters who profess to write the history of the Revolution that was enacted in India in 1857 do not try to discuss the real causes that led to it. On all great religious and political revolutions it is impossible to connect together the links apparently inconsistent without thoroughly understanding the principles which are at work. Mazzini in a critical article on Carlyle's French Revolution has said that every revolution must have a fundamental principle.

A revolutionary movement cannot be based on flimsy and momentary grievances. What types of mistakes the English authors have committed in writing the history of Revolutionary war. Their accounts have been based on misleading and unjust ideas one which changes or distorts the whole spirit of Revolution is the device of The English historian of namely describing the rumour of greased cartridges as the moving cause of the Revolt.

Equally misleading is the theory that the rising was due to the annexation of Oudh. The great principles were Swadharma and Swaraj. In the thundering room of 'Din Din' which rose to protect religion when there were evident signs of cunning, dangerous and disruptive attack on religion dearer than life and in terrific blows dealt at chains of slavery with holy desire of acquiring Swaraj. In the proclamiation of the establishment of Swaraj. The emperor of Delhi says, Hindus and Mohomedans of India, Arise Brethren of all the gifts of God the most gracious is the gift of God.

Who is the critical of Carlyle's account of the French Revolution?

Correct Answer: (c) Mazzini
Solution:

Mazzini, in a critical article about the French Revolution by Carlyle, stated that every revolution must have a fundamental principle. A revolutionary movement cannot be based on trivial, insignificant, and momentary complaints. Mazzini founded 'Young Italy' in 1831 AD.

97. Which is incorrect about the history writing of the Revolt?

Correct Answer: (b) The English authors have given a correct account of the Revolt.
Solution:

Writers claiming the 1857 revolt in India to be a mere revolution did not attempt to discuss its actual causes. In all major religious and political revolutions, it is impossible to empower all those elements together without a complete understanding of which they are totally inconsistent (meaning, the revolution had deep, shared, and empowering principles).
The basis of the 1857 revolutionary movement could not have been trivial, insignificant, and momentary complaints. In the process of writing the history of the revolutionary war, English writers did not clearly explain the revolt.

98. Who gave the call to the Hindus and the Muslims to rise together for Swaraj?

Correct Answer: (c) Bahadur Shah Jafar
Solution:

Bahadur Shah Zafar called upon Hindus and Muslims to stand together for Swaraj (self-rule). The great principles of the 1857 revolt were Swadharma (one's own religion/duty) and Swaraj. The thunder of "Deen-Deen" (protecting one's religion), which arose for the defense of religion, became more valuable than life when cunning, dangerous, and destructive attacks were made against religion, and this terrifying attack was tied to the sacred desire for the attainment of Swaraj from the chains of slavery. The declaration by the ruler of Delhi, Bahadur Shah Zafar, for the establishment of Swaraj was: "Hindus and Muslims of India, awake, awake, O brothers."

99. Which amongst the following was the moving cause of the Revolt?

Correct Answer: (d) Greased cartridges
Solution:

The immediate trigger for the Revolt of 1857 was the greased cartridges. The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was the greased cartridges. The Enfield rifle was introduced to replace the traditional Brown Bess, and the cartridge had to be bitten off with the teeth before loading. Since the cartridges were rumored to be greased with the fat of cows and pigs, both Hindus and Muslims were enraged. The symbols chosen for the Revolt of 1857 were the 'Lotus Flower' and the 'Bread/Chapati'.

100. What does 'Din Din' mean. Tick the correct option?

Correct Answer: (c) Protection of one's own religion
Solution:

'Deen-Deen' means the protection of one's own religion. The thunder of "Deen-Deen," which arose for the defense of religion, became more valuable than life when cunning, dangerous, and destructive attacks were made against religion, and this terrifying attack was tied to the sacred desire for the attainment of Swaraj from the chains of slavery.